Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DipWSET 🏆 > WINES OF THE WORLD 🇦🇺 Australia > Flashcards

WINES OF THE WORLD 🇦🇺 Australia Flashcards

1
Q

Where the vineyards in Australia are located

A

Much of Australia is covered by desert and tropical rainforests, while vineyards are mainly in the SE (Southern Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania) with some on the opposite side (Western Australia). Relatively flat, with some mountain ranges (the Great Dividing Range). Wide variety of soil types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Climate of Australia

A

Inland, the vast Murray-Darling Basing is hot and continental. Most regions benefit from cooling influences (some are close to the Indian or Southern Oceans coast, while others inland have no barriers from the coast). Protection from tropical weather systems by the Great Dividing Range. Many areas have low humidity (exceptions for Adelaide Hills, southern Victoria, Hunter Valley and parts of Tasmania - 2011 was unusually wet).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hazards in Australia

A

Spring frost in cooler areas. Drought with the risk of lack of water (historically from the rivers of the Murray-Darling Basin, but now they started to run low, others bring water from winter rainfall - Adelaide Hills or Margaret River - storing them in dams, others use underground water sources - McLaren Vale and Coonawarra - or use recycled wastewater - suburbs of Adelaide). Soil salinity (not enough rainfall or saline water from deeper aquifers to the surface). Bush fires due to hot and dry summers. Birds and kangaroos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Main grape varieties of Australia

A

Old vines of Shiraz and Grenache in South Australia. Mainly black varieties (54%). Shiraz, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Muscat Gordo Blanco, Semillon, Colombard, Pinot Noir, Riesling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Harvest for wines from Australia

A

Mechanical harvest allows one to cover a large area in a short time, which can happen during the night. Hand harvest is usually for premium wines (whole bunch, greater selection, limited grape splitting and crushing). A very narrow window of time, so possibility to pick certain varieties early for logistical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Key winemaking operations for Shiraz wines in Australia

A

Trend to reduce the intensity by reducing the amount of extraction, using the whole bunch and/or reducing new oak. Open fermentation tanks with manual or mechanised punch downs to obtain very good or outstanding quality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Key winemaking operations for Grenache wines in Australia

A

Traditionally, new oak while now whole bunch or stem inclusion and old/large barrels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Key winemaking operations for Chardonnay wines in Australia

A

Tank fermentation, oak flavours (chips or staves) for inexpensive wines. Ambient yeast, high solids in fermentation, barrel fermentation, lees ageing for the higher quality wines. Malo according to style and climate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Key winemaking operations for Sauvignon Blanc wines in Australia

A

Stainless steel, also lees contact or barrel fermentation for fuller bodied wines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Key winemaking operations for Riesling wines in Australia

A

Stainless steel and bottling soon, premium wines from free-run juice only. Experimenting with pre-fermentation skin contact and lees ageing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blending possibilities for Shiraz in Australia

A

Also used in blends GSM (Mataro) or with Viognier (co-fermentation for premium wines), and with Cabernet Sauvignon (softness and body).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blending possibilities for Chardonnay in Australia

A

Blended with Semillon in inexpensive wines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blending possibilities for Colombard in Australia

A

Blended in inexpensive wines, neutral style, often with Chardonnay.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blending possibilities for Muscat Gordo Blanco in Australia

A

Cheap blending.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Key maturation practices for wines in Australia

A

French oak for reds, new oak is reducing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Finishing operations for wines in Australia

A

Large use of screwcaps, even on premium wines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Classification system for wines in Australia

A
  • Zone
  • Region
  • Sub-region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Zone (classification system in Australia)

A

The largest areas, no rules regarding the drawing of boundaries and no requirements for shared geographic or climatic characteristics. One zone can cover an entire state while South Eastern Australia covers several. Most states have been divided into a number of further zones (South Australia includes Barossa, Mount Lofty Ranges and Fleurieu). Usually for multiregional blends. 28 zones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Region (classification system in Australia)

A

Smaller than zones, 65 regions, vary in size but must have consistent and distinct qualities, must usually produce 500+ tonnes of grapes a year across at least five differently owned vineyards each of at least 5 ha (Tasmania is considered as a region).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sub-region (classification system in Australia)

A

Only in some regions (Hunter Valley and Great Southern), 14 sub-regions, they have particular climate, topography or soils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Label Integrity Programme

A

LIP is the authority that governs Australian wine labelling. If vintage of single grape, 85+% of the grapes must conform. If multiple varieties, they must be listed in descending order. LIP ensures that labels truthfully reflect what is in the bottle. Detailed records by growers, producers, and suppliers under the control of Wine Australia which oversees the LIP. No GI-based rules on grape growing and winemaking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Types of businesses that operate in Australia

A

Important companies started in the 1950s, such as Orlando (Jacob’s Creek), Lindemans, Hardys and Penfolds. Decrease in wineries in the last 10 years, many became grape growers. Mainly small producers. Production volumes (also 87% of export) are dominated by five main companies: Accolade Wines, Casella Family Brands, Treasury Wine Estates, Pernod Ricard and Australian Vintage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The largest Australian companies

A

Accolade Wines, Casella Family Brands, Treasury Wine Estates, Pernod Ricard and Australian Vintage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Wine Australia

A

The government authority that funds and coordinates research and development valuable to the wine industry. It controls also the export and promotes Australian wines through marketing and educational courses. New approach to marketing wine, labels with taste descriptors, from the 1980s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where the South Eastern Zone is located

A

It covers the whole of Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania, along with the SE corners of South Australia and Queensland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Type of soils in South Eastern Zone

A

Mainly sandy soils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Climate of South Eastern Zone

A

Hot continental. Riverland benefits from a slight maritime influence, autumns with greater rainfall and humidity so morning mists and sunny afternoons. Very low rainfall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Main grape varieties of South Eastern Zone

A

Shiraz and Chardonnay, Semillon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Main appellations within South Eastern Zone

A

Grapes come mainly from the Murray-Darling Basin. The three main wine-producing regions within the Basin are Riverland (South Australia), Murray-Darling (Victoria and New South Wales) and Riverina (New South Wales). Riverland is in the Lower Murray Zone while Murray-Darling and Riverina are in the Big Rivers Zone. They are the three largest wine-producing regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Types of wines made in South Eastern Zone

A

Mainly inexpensive and high-volume wines. Some higher-quality wines, also sweet botrytised Semillon from Riverina (labelled with individual region’s name). Ripe fruit flavours, low acidity, high alcohol, med body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Types of businesses that operate in South Eastern Zone

A

Some of the biggest Australian producers such as Casella Family Brands (Yellow Tain) and De Bortoli in Riverina, Australian Vintage in Riverland and Lindeman’s in Murray Darling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Regions of Barossa Zone

A
  • Barossa Valley
  • Eden Valley
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where the vineyards in Barossa Valley are located

A

Mainly a flat valley floor between low hills to the W, Eden Valley Region to the E and the steeper parts of the Mount Lofty Ranges to the S. One of the largest regions in Australia. Most of the vineyards on the plain at 250-370 m, some on the valley sides (cooler).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Type of soils in Barossa Valley

A

Ironstone layer with good water retention in the northern part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Climate ofBarossa Valley

A

Warm with hot and sunny summer days but cooler nights. Low rainfall during growing season.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hazards inBarossa Valley

A

Drought. Low disease pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Main grape varieties ofBarossa Valley

A

Presence of old vines (Shiraz and Grenache), phylloxera free (ungrafted). Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, Chardonnay, Semillon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Barossa Old Vine Charter

A

2009, established to record, preserve and promote old vines of Shiraz and Grenache, creating different categories (on the label).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Key elements in the topography ofEden Valley

A

Area of rolling, exposed hills, forming part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, with some steep slopes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Climate ofEden Valley

A

Higher rainfall than Barossa, strong wind. Some areas on the valley sides are drier and slightly warmer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Type of soils inEden Valley

A

Shallow and rocky, from loamy sand to clay loams.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Hazards inEden Valley

A

Strong wind can affect flowering and ripening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Main grape varieties ofEden Valley

A

Old vines of Shiraz and Riesling, but also Grenache. Mainly Riesling. Also Shiraz.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Main regions of Mount Lofty Ranges

A
  • Adelaide Hills
  • Clare Valley
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Key elements in the topography ofAdelaide Hills

A

Valleys and steep hillsides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Climate ofAdelaide Hills

A

Cool to moderate maritime, temperatures according to the altitude and proximity to the ocean, relatively high rainfall. Intense sunlight due to the low latitude.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Hazards inAdelaide Hills

A

Fungal diseases and rot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Main grape varieties ofAdelaide Hills

A

Mainly whites with Sauvignon Blanc. Also Chardonnay, Pinot Noir for both still and sparkling. Small plantings of Shiraz. Experimenting with alternative varieties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Sub-regions of Adelaide Hills

A

Piccadilly Valley and Lenswood in the central area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Key elements in the topography ofClare Valley

A

The northernmost part of the Mount Lofty Ranges. Vineyards at 300-500 m. Shallow valley within a series of ridges and hills, no steep slopes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Type of soils inClare Valley

A

Both slate and limestone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Climate ofClare Valley

A

Warm, hot summer temperatures, cool afternoon breezes and cold nights. Adequate rainfall, mainly in winter. Low humidity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Hazards inClare Valley

A

Low fungal disease pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Main grape varieties ofClare Valley

A

Mainly Riesling, then Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Key viticulture operations in Clare Valley

A

Irrigation is used in exceptional circumstances (water collected in dams). Canopy management to provide shading on the W side (intense sunlight due to low latitude). Possibility of mechanisation but some producers chose not to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Types of businesses that operate inClare Valley

A

Many small, family-owned vineyards. Jim Barry and Wendouree as significant producers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Main regions of Fleurieu

A
  • McLaren Vale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Key elements in the topography ofMcLaren Vale

A

30 km S of Adelaide. Vineyards between 50-250 m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Type of soils inMcLaren Vale

A

40+ unique geologies (from 15,000 years to more than 550 million years); red-brown sandy loams, grey-brown loamy sands, distinctly sandy soils, patches of red or black friable loams, yellow clay subsoils interspersed with lime.

60
Q

Climate ofMcLaren Vale

A

Warm/hot summers, winds from the Gulf moderate the climate. Low rainfall. Many microclimates.

61
Q

Hazards inMcLaren Vale

A

Low disease pressure due to the winds.

62
Q

Main grape varieties ofMcLaren Vale

A

90% blacks. Mainly Shiraz, then Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache. Many old vines lost in the vine pull scheme (1980s), mainly around Blewitt Springs. Interest in Mediterranean varieties.

63
Q

Key viticulture operations in McLaren Vale

A

Large vineyards, trellised system to allow mechanisation. Vineyard management is required due to the fertile soil and the vigorous nature of Shiraz and Grenache. Organic and biodynamic agriculture is increasing due to low disease pressure. Mechanical harvest during night mainly. Some producers pick by hand (bush vines or use of whole bunch).

64
Q

Sustainable Winegrowing Australia

A

Sustainability programme to improve quality and minimise environmental impacts. Also use of sustainable water from dams, boreholes and recycled wastewater.

65
Q

Types of wines made inMcLaren Vale

A

Traditionally, fortified wine, then dry reds (1970s), full bodied and ripe Chardonnay and Semillon, reds in the end. Both single-varietal and blend.

66
Q

Key elements about the zone of Fleurieu

A

S of Adelaide, strong maritime influence, cool breezes moderate the warm Mediterranean climate.

67
Q

Key elements about the zone of Limestone Coast

A

Apart from the other regions, cooler, wide diurnal range due to warm days, see breezes and cool nights. Flat area.

68
Q

Main regions of Limestone Coast

A
  • Coonawarra
69
Q

Key elements in the topography ofCoonawarra

A

Flat landscape.

70
Q

Type of soils inCoonawarra

A

Terra Rossa strip (free-draining iron-rich loam, 50 cm in depth) over a hard limestone base above an ancient reservoir of pure water due to a softer limestone. Also slightly alkaline, restricting nutrients.

71
Q

Climate ofCoonawarra

A

Moderate, influence by the cool afternoon sea breezes. Cloud cover moderates the temperature. Low rainfall.

72
Q

Hazards inCoonawarra

A

Rain and strong winds at flowering and fruit set. Spring frost.

73
Q

Main grape varieties ofCoonawarra

A

Mainly Cabernet Sauvignon, also Shiraz. Small amount of whites with Chardonnay and Riesling.

74
Q

Key viticulture operations in Coonawarra

A

Irrigation is widely used (sourced from underground aquifers). Mainly mechanised due to the difficulty to find labourers (isolated region).

75
Q

Types of wines made inCoonawarra

A

Some of Australia’s finest red wines.

76
Q

Zones that compose the state of Victoria

A
  • North West Victoria
  • Western Victoria
  • Central Victoria
  • North East Victoria
  • Port Phillip
  • Gippsland
77
Q

Gippsland Zone

A

Zone in Victoria. Variable conditions, one of the largest in Victoria, five regions (unofficially). Wineries and vineyards are diffuse, mostly small and family-owned, tropical influence, high rainfall during growing season. Mainly Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, some Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot in warmer sites.

78
Q

Climate ofPort Phillip Zone

A

Some of the Australian mainland’s coolest vineyards. The sea moderates the climate as well as the altitude in some areas.

79
Q

Main grape varieties ofPort Phillip Zone

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay in the cooler areas, while Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz in the warmers.

80
Q

Main regions of Port Phillip Zone

A
  • Yarra Valley
  • Mornington Peninsula
  • Geelong
  • Macedon Ranges
81
Q

Geelong

A

Port Phillip Zone’s region. W of Melbourne, includes the Bellarine Peninsula. Phylloxera in Australia was discovered here. Cool climate, moderating influence from Port Phillip Bay and Bass Strait, lower rainfall than Yarra Valley, strong SW winds reduce humidity and fungal disease pressure. Chardonnay and Pinot Noir in the cooler sites, while Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon in the warmers. Paradise IV Wines and Wines by Farr as significant producers.

82
Q

Macedon Ranges

A

Port Phillip Zone’s region. NE of Melbourne, 40 small quality-focused wineries. The Macedon Ranges are part of the Great Dividing Range, vineyards at 300-800 m. One of the coolest climates in mainland Australia, frost risk. Shallow, granitic sandy loams on the hillsides, deeper loams on the lower slopes. Chardonnay and Pinot Noir for both still and sparkling, also Riesling and Shiraz.

83
Q

Key elements in the topography ofYarra Valley

A

Inland, NE of Melbourne. Gentle slopes.

84
Q

Climate ofYarra Valley

A

Cool to moderate, variation due to the altitude. High rainfall, one of the wettest regions in Australia.

85
Q

Hazards inYarra Valley

A

Frost on the valley floor in cold years. Fungal disease.

86
Q

Main grape varieties ofYarra Valley

A

Mainly blacks with Pinot Noir, then Chardonnay. Also Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon.

87
Q

Main sub-regions of Yarra Valley

A
  • Upper Yarra Valley
  • Lower Yarra Valley
88
Q

Upper Yarra Valley

A

Yarra Valley’s sub-region. Cooler, higher altitudes in the SE, deeper and more fertile volcanic (dry farming).

89
Q

Lower Yarra Valley

A

Yarra Valley’s sub-region. Warmer, lower altitudes in the NW, loamy clay soil, low fertility and well drained (irrigation needed).

90
Q

Climate ofMornington Peninsula

A

Cool to moderate, windy (lower summer temperatures, low disease pressure, less frost risk), high sunshine. Water moderates the climate, giving mild autumn conditions, extending the growing season. Lower rainfall than Yarra Valley, mainly in winter and spring.

91
Q

Type of soils in Yarra Valley

A

N with red-brown clay subsoils often filled with rock. S is immensely deep, fertile red volcanic soil.

92
Q

Key elements in the topography ofMornington Peninsula

A

Narrow peninsula between Port Phillip Bay and the Bass Strait. Relatively flat, Red Hill is a ridge in the centre.

93
Q

Type of soils inMornington Peninsula

A

Where Red Hill, red basalt soils which retain winter rainwater, high fertility. Away from the ridge, free-draining soils with clay and sand.

94
Q

Hazards inMornington Peninsula

A

Wind can inhibit flowering. Rainfall at flowering and harvest time.

95
Q

Main grape varieties ofMornington Peninsula

A

Mainly Pinot Noir, then Chardonnay. Then Shiraz and Pinot Gris.

96
Q

Climate ofWestern Victoria Zone

A

Influence by the Great Dividing Range.

97
Q

Regions of Western Victoria Zone

A
  • Pyrenees
  • Grampians
  • Henty
98
Q

Henty

A

Western Victoria Zone’s region. SW of Victoria, cool climate influenced by the Antarctic winds, high sunshine. Vineyards up to 460 m. Mainly Riesling, also other varieties (fresh flavours and med alcohol).

99
Q

Grampians and Pyrenees

A

Western Victoria Zone’s regions. Extension of the Great Dividing Range. Grampians is 130 km inland, moderate climate, temperatures are moderated by the altitude (240-440 m), high diurnal range. Low risk of spring frost on the slopes, higher at low vineyards. Low rainfall during the growing season. Sandy and loamy soils retain water, some soils are quite acidic (low vigour and yields). Pyrenees is E of Grampians, named after the European mountains, gentle slopes, warmer than Grampians, similar climate and soils. Shiraz. Mount Langi Ghiran (Grampians) and Dalwhinnie (Pyrenees) as significant producers.

100
Q

Main regions of North East Victoria Zone

A
  • King Valley
  • Beechworth
101
Q

King Valley

A

North East Victoria’s region. Highest vineyards, cool temperatures, high rainfall, lower sites are warmer and moderated by river and altitude. Soils are generally well-draining loams with high fertility (vigour needs to be managed). Equal plantings of white and black varieties. Presence of Italian immigrants (tobacco plantings) so Italian varieties. Production of Glera/Prosecco, Pinot Grigio. Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon are the main blacks but also Italian varieties (Sangiovese, Barbera and Nebbiolo). Mainly domestic consumption, export increased recently. Difficult to sell them due to the competition with Italy. Pizzini and de Bortoli as significant producers.

102
Q

Beechworth

A

North East Victoria’s region. Hills to the S of Rutherglen, vineyards at 200-1000 m, different climates. Mainly Chardonnay and Shiraz.

103
Q

Climate of North East Victoria

A

Influence by the Great Dividing Range. Continental.

104
Q

Main regions of Central Victoria Zone

A
  • Goulburn Valley
  • Bendigo
  • Upper Goulburn
  • Heathcote
105
Q

Goulburn Valley and Bendigo

A

Central Victoria Zone’s regions. Warm and flat plains, ideal for ripe, full bodied reds. Some whites, such as Viognier, Marsanne and Roussanne.

106
Q

Upper Goulburn

A

Central Victoria Zone’s region. Cool climate, foothills of the Great Dividing Range, high-quality whites from Chardonnay, Riesling, and Sauvignon Blanc.

107
Q

Heathcote

A

Central Victoria Zone’s region. Narrow strip along the side of the Mount Carmel Range, 160-320 m, altitude moderates the temperature, also winds, high diurnal range retains acidity (distinct feature of Heathcote Shiraz), consistent rainfall, calcareous red soil made up of weathered greenstone that retains water. Mainly black varieties with Shiraz. Jasper Hill and Heathcote Estate as significant producers.

108
Q

Climate of Central Victoria Zone

A

Influence by the Great Dividing Range.

109
Q

Climate of New South Wales

A

Sub-tropical climate on the Pacific coast, high temperatures, high humidity and rainfall. Other regions are protected from the sub-tropical influence by the Great Dividing Range, having a continental climate, altitude moderates the temperature.

110
Q

Main zones that compose the state of New South Wales

A
  • Hunter Valley Zone
  • Central Ranges Zone
  • Southern New South Wales Zone
111
Q

Key elements in the topography ofHunter Valley

A

200 km N of Sydney. Undulating hills at low altitudes

112
Q

Type of soils inHunter Valley

A

From sandy loams to clay loams, often over a clay base.

113
Q

Climate ofHunter Valley

A

Low latitude, almost tropical, one of the hotter and most humid in Australia, intense sunshine, afternoon clouds. Rainfall mainly during the growing season.

114
Q

Hazards inHunter Valley

A

Fungal disease due to humid conditions.

115
Q

Main grape varieties ofHunter Valley

A

Equally whites and blacks. Special mention for Semillon. Also Chardonnay and Shiraz.

116
Q

The first region to start and finish harvesting in Australia

A

Hunter Valley

117
Q

Australia’s oldest region

A

Hunter

118
Q

Key elements in the topography ofCentral Ranges Zone

A

Along the W, inland side of the Great Dividing Range (protection from tropical storms).

119
Q

Climate ofCentral Ranges Zone

A

Continental, cooling influence from the altitude, high diurnal range, intense sunshine. Low rainfall.

120
Q

Hazards inCentral Ranges Zone

A

Spring frost according to the altitude.

121
Q

Regions of Central Ranges Zone

A
  • Mudgee
  • Orange
  • Cowra
122
Q

Mudgee

A

Central Ranges Zone’s region. Close to Hunter Valley, N of Orange, slightly warmer than Orange, mainly black varieties with Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon.

123
Q

Orange

A

Central Ranges Zone’s region. Reputation for high-quality wines in the last 20 years. Wines labelled as ‘Orange Region’ to avoid confusion with orange wines. Vineyards on the slopes of Mount Canobolas, an ancient volcano. The soil includes deep red volcanic basalt, yellow/brown clay loams and shallow gravels. Quite windy (can affect fruit set). Black varieties on the lower, slightly warmer slopes, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz. Cooler and higher sites for whites, mainly Chardonnay. Malo for top wines. Also some Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Gris. Ross Hill and Tamburlaine as significant producers.

124
Q

Cowra

A

Central Ranges Zone’s region. S of Orange, slightly warmer than Orange, mainly Chardonnay, riper style.

125
Q

Climate of Southern New South Wales Zone

A

Continental, no maritime due to the shelter of the Snowy Mountains, cooling influence according to the altitude.

126
Q

Main regions of New South Wales Zone

A
  • Canberra District
  • Hilltops
  • Tumbarumba
127
Q

Canberra District

A

New South Wales Zone’s region. Two vineyards within ACT while others are part of the New South Wales. Vineyards at high altitude (500-800 m), high diurnal range and high sunshine. Cold winter and spring frost can be an issue. Dry summer, so irrigation. Mainly black varieties with Shiraz. Blend of Shiraz-Viognier is common. Clonakilla and Ravensworth as significant producers. Riesling as white variety.

128
Q

Hilltops and Tumbarumba

A

New South Wales Zone’s regions. Vineyards at a range of altitudes, continental climate. Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay in Hilltops, and Pinot Noir and Chardonnay in Tumbarumba for still and sparkling wines.

129
Q

Main zone of Western Australia

A
  • South West Australia
130
Q

Main sub-regions of South West Australia Zone

A
  • Margaret River
  • Great Southern
131
Q

Key elements in the topography ofMargaret River

A

SW corner of Australia. Peninsula surrounded by water on three sides (Indian and Southern Ocean). Flat region of gentle hills and valleys. Low altitudes.

132
Q

Type of soils inMargaret River

A

Red gravelly loams on granite and gneiss, low nutrients.

133
Q

Climate ofMargaret River

A

Maritime, high rainfall (mainly winter). Oceans moderate the temperatures. Indian Ocean is warm so no much drop at night. The E part is warmer due to the protection of the ridge.

134
Q

Main grape varieties ofMargaret River

A

Mainly Cabernet Sauvignon, then Merlot. Whites are Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay and Semillon.

135
Q

Types of wines made inMargaret River

A

Reds are usually blends of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. Sauvignon Blanc is often blended with Semillon.

136
Q

Key elements in the topography ofGreat Southern

A

150 km E of Margaret River. From the coast to the inland hills. High salinity soil for the Frankland River.

137
Q

Climate ofGreat Southern

A

Maritime for Denmark and Albany. Less maritime inland, while Frankland River is continental with a high diurnal range. Rainfall varies according to the sub-region.

138
Q

Main grape varieties ofGreat Southern

A

Mainly blacks, with Shiraz (Mount Barker and Frankland River). Also Cabernet Sauvignon. Riesling for whites. Also Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay.

139
Q

Sub-regions of Great Southern

A
  • Albany
  • Denmark
  • Mount Barker
  • Porongurup
  • Frankland River
140
Q

Climate ofTasmania

A

Cool maritime, W winds bring high rainfall (lower in the E part of the island). S Tasmania is cooler due to latitude, NE aspect to maximise ripening. SE is drier and less humid, irrigation can be necessary. NW has higher rainfall, and humidity.

141
Q

Hazards inTasmania

A

Fungal disease in the NW, spring frost.

142
Q

Main grape varieties ofTasmania

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Also other varieties for cool climates such as Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, and Pinot Gris. Some Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz.

143
Q

Key winemaking operations forwines inTasmania

A

Malo is common. Barrel fermentation for top wines.

144
Q

Key maturation practices forwines inTasmania

A

Oak ageing, usually old with small % of new.

145
Q

Main sub-regions of Tasmania

A

Different regions according to climates, topography and soil. Coal River Valley (SE), Tamar Valley and Piper’s River (N).

146
Q

Types of wines made inTasmania

A

Key producer for premium wines. 2/3 still and 1/3 sparkling.

DipWSET 🏆 (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions