Chapter 1. 1, 1.3-1.9

Question 1

diatomic

Answer 1

2 atoms

Question 2

Ernest rutherford

Answer 2

carried out experiments to test Thompson plum pudding model

Question 3

Rutherford experiements

Answer 3

involved directing alpha particles at a thin sheet of metal foil

Question 4

Rutherford hypothesis

Answer 4

reasoned that if Thomson model was accurate the massive alpha particles should crash through the thin foil, expected alpha particles to travel through the foil with very minor deflections in their paths

Question 5

result of Rutherford experimenet

Answer 5

most particles went through, many were deflected at large angles, some were reflected, never hitting the detector

Question 6

conclusion of Rutherford experiment

Answer 6

knew puddingmodel could not be correct, large deflections could be caused only by a center of concentrated positive charge that contains most of atom’s mass, most of the particles pass directly through the foil because the atom is mostly open space, the deflected alpha particles are those that had a close encounter with the positive center of the atom, few reflected the particles are those that made a direct hit on the positive center

Question 7

nucleus

Answer 7

1. its small size compared with overall size, accounts for almost all the atom’s mass 2. extremely high dentistry, dramatically demonstrated by the fact that a piece of nuclear material about the size of a peace would have a mass of 250 million tons

Question 8

isotopes

Answer 8

atoms with same number of protons, but differnet number of neturons

Question 9

atomic number

Answer 9

number of protons

Question 10

mass number

Answer 10

number of proton and neutrons

Question 11

energy

Answer 11

ability to do work or produce heat, can be connected from one form to another, no energy is created or destroyed, can be divided into kinetic and potential energy

Question 12

work

Answer 12

force acting over a distance

Question 13

joule

Answer 13

fundamental unit of energy, kilogram meter squared per second square, used to describe energy

Question 14

mole

Answer 14

unit for describing numbers of atoms or molecules present 6.022 times 10 to the negative 23rd

Question 15

per mole

Answer 15

means that 6.022 times 10 to the negative 23rd are represented by the quantity in question