Reproductive System and Somatic Senses Bio Test

Question 1

fertilization

Answer 1

the joining of a sperm and egg cell

Question 2

zygote

Answer 2

fertilized egg

Question 3

gametes

Answer 3

egg and sperm cells- they are haploid

Question 4

somatic cells

Answer 4

nonreproductive cells

Question 5

meiosis

Answer 5

occurs during gamete formation

Question 6

scrotum

Answer 6

external pouch of skin where testes are located

Question 7

semen

Answer 7

a mixture of sperm cells and fluids

Question 8

penis

Answer 8

organ where semen leave the body

Question 9

urethra

Answer 9

tube in penis where semen travels and urine leaves body

Question 10

seminiferous tubules

Answer 10

tubule within testes where sperm cells form

Question 11

epididymis

Answer 11

where sperm are stored

Question 12

vas deferens

Answer 12

muscular tube that leads from epididymis to urethra

Question 13

seminal vesicle

Answer 13

saclike structure that attaches to the vas deferens

Question 14

prostate gland

Answer 14

secretes a thin, milky fluid with an alkaline pH which neutralizes the fluid containing sperm

Question 15

fallopian tubes

Answer 15

passageway for egg cells as they travel from the ovary to the uterus

Question 16

uterus

Answer 16

hollow organ; size of a pear

Question 17

vagina

Answer 17

muscular passageway leading to outside of the body;birth canal

Question 18

oogenesis

Answer 18

process of egg cells formation

Question 19

menstrual cycle

Answer 19

egg develops in an ovary and the uterus prepares fir the arrival of an embryo

Question 20

ovulation

Answer 20

mature egg released from the ovary into a fallopian tube

Question 21

menstruation

Answer 21

extra blood and tissue of the thickened uterus pass out of body

Question 22

embryo

Answer 22

developing human during the first eight weeks after fertilization

Question 23

morula

Answer 23

four days after fertilization, embryo is a solid ball of about 50 cells

Question 24

blastocyte

Answer 24

thin walled hollow structure in early embryonic development that contains a cluster of cells and a fluid filled cavity

Question 25

Implantation

Answer 25

process in which a blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus

Question 26

gastrulation

Answer 26

3rd layer of cells formed within the cavity of the blastocyst

Question 27

amniotic sac

Answer 27

fluid like sac that contains and protects fetus inside the uterus

Question 28

what hormone stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor

Answer 28

oxytocin

Question 29

which hormone stimulates milk production

Answer 29

prolactin

Question 30

where does fertilization occur

Answer 30

fallopian tube

Question 31

5 steps of childbirth

Answer 31

1. oxytocin from the pituitary gland stimulates muscle contractions in the uterine wall (aka labor)
2. opening of cervix expands until its larger enough for the head of the baby to pass through
3. amniotic case breaks and the fluid rushes out of vagina
4. placenta and empty amniotic case are expelled from uterus about 15 mins after delivery
5. hormone prolactin from pituitary gland stimulates milk production in breast tissue

Question 32

what are stem cells

Answer 32

body’s raw materials

Question 33

what are 3 reasons for using stem cells

Answer 33

• increase understanding of diseases
• generate healthy cells to replace cells affected by disease
• test new drugs for safety

Question 34

fetal blood

Answer 34

has greater oxygen carrying capactiy than blood in an adult

Question 35

umbilical vein

Answer 35

carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus

Question 36

ductus venosus

Answer 36

conducts half the blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava

Question 37

foramen ovale

Answer 37

conveys much blood entering right atrium from inferior vena cava through atrial septum and into left atrium

Question 38

ductus arteriosus

Answer 38

conducts some blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta, bypassing lungs

Question 39

umbilical arteries

Answer 39

carry blood from internal iliac arteries to placenta

Question 40

describe the olfactory organs

Answer 40

contain olfactory receptors (bipolar neurons with cilia); yellow-brownish masses in the upper parts of the nasal cavity

Question 41

how are we able to smell

Answer 41

1. chemicals that stimulate olfactory receptors enter the nasal cavity as gases, which dissolve in a watery fluid
2. stimulated olfactory receptor cells, send nerve impulses to the olfactory bulb
3. the nerve impulses continue through the olfactory tract onto the temporal lobe of the brain

Question 42

how are we able to hear

Answer 42

1. sound waves enter through the auditory canal
2. sound caves hit the eardrum, causing it to vibrate
3. the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) vibrate and amplify the vibrations
4. the vibration reaches the cochlea, which is filled with fluid and has cilia
5. the cilia translate the vibrations into nerve impulses carried by sensory neurons through the auditory nerve to the temporal lobe

Question 43

how are we able to see?

Answer 43

1. light passes through the cornea and lens. The iris controls how much light is let in
2. the retina gathers the light and cone and rod cells turn it into electrical impulses
3. these signals travel through the optic nerve to the occipital nerve to the brain

Question 44

rods vs cones

Answer 44

rods- control vision in dim light and monochrome shades

cones- control vision in bright light and all other colors(3 kinds of cones)

Question 45

describe the relationship between light wavelengths and color vision

Answer 45

short cone cells- blue light
medium cone cells- green light
long cone cells- red light

Question 46

color blindness– what causes it

Answer 46

deficiency in cone cells–> gene found on x-chromosome

Question 47

sensation

Answer 47

feeling that occurs when brain interprets sensory impulses

Question 48

what happens to the pupil in dark light

Answer 48

it enlarges