11.3

Question 1

What is aggression?

Answer 1

Behavior that is intended to cause pain or harm (whether physical or emotional) to others, either individually or in groups

Question 2

What is predatory aggression?

Answer 2

Aggression between a natural predator and a prey
* Consummatory behavior (access to food)

Question 3

What is intermale aggression?

Answer 3

Aggression seen between males of the same species. Usually develops to maintain and or challenge dominance relationships between males
* Reproductive behavior (access to mating)
* Consummatory behavior

Question 4

What does testosterone do to aggression?

Answer 4

Increases aggression, becomes particularly evident with sexual maturity

Question 5

How does the removal of testes in rats and mice’s affect aggression?

Answer 5

decrease aggressive behavior

Question 6

Testosterone effects on aggression in humans

Answer 6

• Increased testosterone at puberty does not increase aggression
  
  • Administering testosterone to subjects does not increase aggression

Question 7

What have other studies found about testosterone and it’s effect on aggression?

Answer 7

• Nonaggressive behavior is correlated with low serum testosterone
  
  • Aggressive behavior in women is correlated with elevated testosterone

Question 8

What are two confounding variables that can affect testosterone levels?

Answer 8

• Experience—outcome of aggressive encounter
  
  • Dominance—social status

Question 9

What are the changes in levels of neurotransmitter associated with aggression?

Answer 9

• Dopamine
  
  • GABA
  • Vasopressin
  • Serotonin

Question 10

What does the release of serotonin do to aggression?

Answer 10

Inhibits(holds back) aggression * (crayfish, mice, and insects)
* The most aggressive monkeys show the lowest serotonin levels
* Low Serotonin–High Aggression
* High Serotonin–Low Aggression

Question 11

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is involved in aggressive behavior (‘attack system’)

Question 12

What does the Medial amygdala do male rats and mice’s?

Answer 12

Allows male rats and mice to distinguish between male rivals to be attacked and females to be courted.

Question 13

What is maternal aggression?

Answer 13

aggression in mothers defending their nest or offspring

Question 14

What is maternal aggression controlled by?

Answer 14

circuits in the VMH, as well as the preoptic area and the premammillary nucleus

Question 15

What traits do psychopaths display that relate to anti-social behaviors?

Answer 15

• High Intelligence
  
  • Poor self control
  • Superficially charming individuals
  • Little to no feelings of remorse
  • Blunted fear conditioning
  • Commit violent acts