Unit 4 Smartbooks

Question 1

Which are usually found inside the cell body (or soma) of a mature neuron?
Nucleus
Centrioles
Mitochondria
Synaptic vesicles
Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

In the CNS, myelin is produced by glial cells called __________

Answer 2

oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which glial cell insulates nerve fibers from extracellular fluids and speeds up signal conduction in the brain?

Answer 3

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

The trigger zone includes the axon hillock and the

_______ segment, a region between the axon hillock and the first glial cell.

Answer 4

initial

Question 5

The glial cells that line cavities of the brain and spinal cord and secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid are ______.

Answer 5

ependymal cells

Question 6

Functions of the spinal cord include what 3 things?

Answer 6

Conduction, locomotion, reflexes

Question 7

The ______ matter of the spinal cord contains the synapses and therefore is the site of synaptic integration.

Answer 7

gray

Question 8

The poliovirus destroys which neurons in the brainstem and anterior horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 8

Motor

Question 9

A _____ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (fascicles) bound together by connective tissue.

Answer 9

nerve

Question 10

A nerve containing both sensory and motor nerve fibers is called a(n) _______ nerve.

Answer 10

mixed

Question 11

In which disease does sclerosis of the lateral spinal cord occur, with destruction of motor neurons?

Answer 11

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 12

What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies located outside of the CNS called?

Answer 12

Ganglion

Question 13

Moving peripherally from the spinal cord, which anterior and posterior structures form a spinal nerve?

Answer 13

Roots

Question 14

The somas of which neurons are found within the posterior root ganglion?

Answer 14

Sensory

Question 15

The anterior rami of spinal nerves form which nerve plexuses?

Answer 15

Cervical, lumbar, sacral

Question 16

Which stimulus causes a muscle to reflexively contract?

Answer 16

Increased stretch

Question 17

In which reflex is there a quick contraction of flexor muscles in response to a painful stimulus?

Answer 17

Flexor

Question 18

What are the three major divisions of the brain?

Answer 18

Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum

Question 19

Which term refers to the shallow grooves found on each of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 19

Sulci

Question 20

Which term refers to the thick folds of tissue found on each of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 20

Gyri

Question 21

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

Answer 21

To produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 22

Which best describes the cerebral cortex?

Answer 22

Surface layer of gray matter on the cerebrum

Question 23

The brain barrier system (BBS) consists of what two things?

Answer 23

1) Blood-brain barrier

2) Blood-CSF barrier

Question 24

Name the large, C-shaped structure that contains most of the commissural tracts of the brain.

Answer 24

Corpus callosum

Question 25

Which structure serves as the major control center of the endocrine and autonomic nervous system?

Answer 25

Hypothalamus

Question 26

How many lobes are found in each of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 26

5

Question 27

Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves?

Answer 27

10, 9, 7, and 3

Question 28

Which nervous system has two nerve fibers connecting the CNS to an effector?

Answer 28

Autonomic

Question 29

What is the alternative name for the craniosacral division of the ANS?

Answer 29

Parasympathetic division

Question 30

Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? (give names not numbers)

Answer 30

Oculomotor
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

Question 31

What are two sympathetic effects on the urinary system?

Answer 31

Reduced urine output by the kidneys

Contraction of the internal urethral sphincter

Question 32

Which neurons secrete acetylcholine?

Answer 32

Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 33

Regarding the length of fibers, the parasympathetic nervous system has ______ preganglionic fibers and ______ postganglionic fibers.

Answer 33

long, short

Question 34

Vasomotor tone is produced by a baseline level of stimulation by which division of the ANS?

Answer 34

Sympathetic

Question 35

What region of the brain is the primary regulator of the visceral motor system?

Answer 35

Hypothalamus

Question 36

Which are effects of the parasympathetic division on the digestive system?

Answer 36

Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
Increased gastric motility
Increased gastrointestinal secretion

Question 37

Proprioceptors respond to which type of stimuli?

Answer 37

Movements or changes in body position

Question 38

What is the function of the middle ear?

Answer 38

Transmit sound waves to the inner ear

Question 39

Cerumen does which of the following?

Answer 39

Inhibits bacterial growth
Waterproofs the ear canal
Keeps the tympanic membrane pliable

Question 40

Infections of the throat may be transmitted to the middle ear via which of the following?

Answer 40

Auditory tube

Question 41

Which cochlear chambers contain perilymph?

Answer 41

Scala tympani

Scala vestibuli

Question 42

The posterior chamber of the eye is located between which two structures?

Answer 42

Iris and lens

Question 43

The anterior chamber of the eye is located between which two structures?

Answer 43

Cornea and iris