Lab 10: Nervous System II

Question 1

What is the basic function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle (somatic) motor control

Question 2

What are the basic functions of the occipital lobe?

Answer 2

Visual cortex and association area

Question 3

What are the basic functions oft he temporal lobe?

Answer 3

Auditory and olfactory

Question 4

What is the basic function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 4

Somatosensory

Question 5

What is the basic function of the insula lobe? (deep to temporal and parietal lobes)

Answer 5

Gustation

Question 6

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 6

Central sulcus

Question 7

What is located just anterior to the central sulcus?

Answer 7

The primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe

Question 8

What is located just posterior to the central sulcus?

Answer 8

The primary somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe

Question 9

What do the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up?

Answer 9

The cerebrum

Question 10

What connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows them to communicate?

Answer 10

The corpus callosum

Question 11

The outer layer of the cerebrum where most of the gray matter is located is called the ___________ _________

Answer 11

cerebral cortex

Question 12

Define the thalamus and its basic function

Answer 12

Two hemispheres of gray matter connected by an intermediate mass
Function: “gateway to the cerebral cortex”; relay center

Question 13

The fluid-filled space between the two halves of the thalamus is called the _________ ________

Answer 13

third ventricle

Question 14

Define the hypothalamus and describe its basic function

Answer 14

Connects to pituitary gland by the infundibulum

Function: autonomic control center (includes the thirst, hunger, and satiety centers and temperature regulator)

Question 15

What are the 4 regions of the diencephalon?

Answer 15

1) Thalamus
2) Hypothalamus
3) Pineal gland
4) Optic chiasma

Question 16

Define the pineal gland and describe its basic function

Answer 16

Small pine-cone shaped ball of tissue located superior and caudal to the thalamus
Function: secretes melatonin

Question 17

Define the optic chiasma

Answer 17

Found in front of the pituitary gland; looks like an X (where cranial nerve ii, the optic nerve, crosses)

Question 18

The surface of the cerebrum is called the _____. The tops of the bumps are called ______ and the ridges are called _____.

Answer 18

cortex. gyri; sulci

Question 19

The ______ fissure separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum

Answer 19

longitudinal

Question 20

What is the cerebellum and what are its functions?

Answer 20

A tree-like shape of white matter called arbor vitae surrounded by gray matter called the cerebellar cortex.
Functions: helps with coordination and time perception; helps with stored movements (ex: hitting a golf ball for the 10000th time)

Question 21

What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?

Answer 21

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 22

Define the pons

Answer 22

Looks like the “adams apple” of the brainstem

Question 23

What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 23

It’s the control center that includes the respiratory and cardiovascular centers, which control breathing and heart rate/ blood pressure.

Question 24

What is the acronym to help remember the order of the cranial nerves?

Answer 24

Oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly

Question 25

What is the acronym to help remember whether the cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 25

Some say money matters but my brother says big brains matter more

Question 26

List the cranial nerves in order from 1 to 12

Answer 26

1) Olfactory nerve
2) Optic nerve
3) Oculomotor nerve
4) Trochlear nerve
5) Trigeminal nerve
6) Abducens nerve
7) Facial nerve
8) Vestibulocochlear nerve
9) Glossopharyngeal nerve
10) Vagus nerve
11) Accessory (spinal) nerve
12) Hypoglossal nerve

Question 27

Name the function of the olfactory nerve and where it travels through

Answer 27

Function: smell (sensory only)

Goes through: olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 28

Name the function of the optic nerve and where it travels through

Answer 28

Function: vision (sensory only)

Goes through: optic canal of the sphenoid bone

Question 29

Name the function of the oculomotor nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates

Answer 29

Function: movement of the eyeball
Goes through: superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone.
Controls: superior rectus, interior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique

Question 30

Name the function of the trochlear nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates

Answer 30

Function: movement of the eyeball
Travels through: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Controls: superior oblique muscle

Question 31

Name the function of the trigeminal nerve and name the muscles it innervates

Answer 31

Functions: sensations of the face; chewing
Controls: masseter and temporalis

Question 32

Name the function of the abducens nerve, what it travels through, and what muscles it innervates

Answer 32

Function: movement of the eyeball laterally
Goes through: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Controls: lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Question 33

Name the function of the facial nerve and what muscles it innervates

Answer 33

Function: facial expression; taste
Muscles: all of the muscles of facial expression

Question 34

Name the functions of the vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 34

Equilibrium and hearing

Question 35

Name the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 35

Taste; movement of the pharynx during swallowing and speech, and secretion of saliva

Question 36

Name the functions of the vagus nerve

Answer 36

Taste; swallowing, coughing, and parasympathetic stimulation [of the heart and digestive tract]

Question 37

Name the functions of the accessory (spinal) nerve and what muscles it innervates

Answer 37

Functions: swallowing, movement of the head and shoulders
Controls: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 38

Name the functions of the hypoglossal nerve and name the muscles it innervates

Answer 38

Functions: movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing.
Controls: genioglossus muscle

Question 39

Name the nerves that travel through the superior orbital fissure

Answer 39

Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves

Question 40

What are the white and gray matter parts of the cerebellum called?

Answer 40

White: arbor vitae
Gray: cerebellar cortex

Question 41

Blood enters through the _____ _______ of the brain’s ventricles and is turned into CSF

Answer 41

choroid plexuses

Question 42

Where is CSF reabsorbed back into blood?

Answer 42

The arachnoid villi of the subarachnoid space and central canal of the spinal cord

Question 43

Name the 4 ventricles of the brain

Answer 43

1) Left lateral ventricle
2) Right lateral ventricle
3) Third ventricle
4) Fourth ventricle