Dermatology Flashcards
How are mutiple, non-keratinised (genital) warts treated?
Topical podophyllum
How are solitary keratinised genital warts treated?
Cryotherapy
What is a Marjolin’s ulcer?
Squamous cell carcinoma occuring at sites of chronic inflammation or previous injury
First line treatment for impetigo
Topical fusidic acid is the first-line treatment for impetigo.
What is impetigo?
a superficial skin infection caused by staphylococcus aureus most often diagnosed in children. It is a highly contagious infection and hygiene measures alongside avoidance of other children until 48 hours after the rash has resolved is recommended.
Good crusted plaques under mouth and nose
What is erythema multiform?
Rash on upper limbs and trunk is composed of multiple dusky central area, a darker red inflammatory zone surrounded by a pale ring of oedema, and an erythematous halo on the extreme periphery of the skin lesion.
most likely to be caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae
What is cellulitis?
Characteristic features of cellulitis include acute onset of diffuse redness, swelling, heat and tenderness, most commonly occurring in one of the lower limbs (bilateral leg cellulitis is rare). Cellulitis develops when micro-organisms gain entry into the dermal and subcutaneous tissues.
How does pyoderma gangrenuosum present
The presence of an ulcerated lesion, with a purple base that has developed from a small blister or pustule, is strongly suggestive of PG. PG is commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The association of trauma and then development of an ulcerated area further support a diagnosis of PG.
Treat,ent of low risk superficial BCC?
Imiquimod cream (topical treatment)
What type of skin lesion is often referred to as a Rodent ulcer?
Basal cell carcinoma
SCC VS BCC
BCC most common. Commonly have telangiectasia on them. Several months to years.
Squamous cell carcinomas are the second commonest type of skin cancer and commonly occur on sun-exposed sites such as the face. However, they are usually ulcerated nodules with an indurated margin. They do not commonly have telangiectasia on them. More strongly associated with smoking and immunosupression grows over weeks/months
What is Actinic keratoses?
Actinic keratoses are scaly lesions typically found on areas of sun-damaged skin such as the scalp, face and dorsum of the hands
Associated with sun exposure
May be painless or may be itchy
The appearance of actinic keratoses can vary from barely visible to pink or reddish-brown 1-2 centimetre patches. The surrounding skin may have evidence of sun damage. Palpation reveals a rough scaly texture, similar to that of sandpaper. Actinic keratoses are a pre-cancerous lesion which can in some cases transform into squamous cell carcinoma. Elevation, tenderness and bleeding of actinic keratoses are suggestive of malignant transformation.
What is sebhorric keratosis?
SK may also be referred to as a basal cell papilloma, brown wart, barnacle, or senile wart. This condition is the most common form of benign, cutaneous tumour that affects the elderly population. Major risk factors for SK development include increasing age (the most important risk factor) and fair skin. The precise pathophysiology underlying SK remains undefined. These lesions may appear anywhere on the body except on the palms and soles.
Clinical features of sebhorric keratosis
a raised lesion with a ‘stuck on’ appearance
1mm to several centimetres in diameter
variation in colour (e.g. yellow, light brown, grey, dark brown)
a warty/greasy/waxy appearance and typical dermatoscopy findings (i.e. ‘clods’ of keratin, ridges and furrows creating a cerebriform appearance)
What is Steven Johnson Syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) – a severe dermatological condition often triggered by medications. It is characterised by extensive skin necrosis and epidermal detachment. Mucous membranes are involved in the majority of cases. Patients typically have a prodrome with fever and influenza-like symptoms followed by dermatological manifestations which can be complicated by dehydration, electrolyte disturbances and hypoalbuminaemia. SJS and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are considered to be on the same disease spectrum; distinguished mainly by the percentage of body surface affected by blisters and erosions. SJS is the less severe form of the disease, in which 10% of the body surface area is affected, and TEN typically involves >30% of body surface area. Management involves withdrawal of the offending agent, referral to a specialist unit and aggressive fluid resuscitation with electrolyte replacement.
