IHD, AF, HF Flashcards
First line management for heart failure?
ACEi
Betablockers
How do ACEi work?
Work on renin angiotensin aldosterone axis to dilate blood vessels and decrease blood pressure
How do beta blockers help in HF?
Reduce heart rate, improve ejection fraction has heart can fill more efficiently
Why does hyponatremia happen in HF?
Hypervolaemia, fluid retention>salt retention
What classification can be used to measure performance status in HF patients?
NYHA classification (new york heart association)
What is NYHA class I?
Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea and/or angina
What is NYHA class II?
Ordinary physical activity does cause undue palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea and/or angina but comfort at rest.
What is NYHA class III?
Less than ordinary physical activity does cause undue palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea and/or angina
What is NYHA class IV?
At rest palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea and/or angina are present
What type of diuretic commonly causes hyponatermia (urine sodium above 20mmol/L)?
Loop diuretics such as furosemide
What are the CHADSVASc score components?
C: 1 point for congestive heart failure
H: 1 point for HTN
A: 2 points if the patient is aged 75 or over
D: 1 point if the patient has DM
S: 2 points if the patient has previously had a stroke or TIA
V: 1 point if the patient has known vascular disease
A: 1 point if the patient is aged 65-74
Sc: 1 point if patient is female
What CHADS2VASc score warrents anticoagulants?
1 or higher in men
2 or more in women
First line management for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?
Low dose dieuretic and ACEi/ARB if HTN
Furosemide and Ramipril
What anti HTN agent is associated with postural HTN?
ACEi
