Upper GI pathology

Question 1

what is the commonest cause of oesophagitis

Answer 1

reflux

Question 2

what are the 2 types of barretts oesophagus

Answer 2

without goblet cells - gastric metaplasia, with goblet cells - intestinal type metaplasia

Question 3

what risk factors is squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus associated with

Answer 3

alcohol and smoking

Question 4

what is adenocarcinoma of oesophagus associate with

Answer 4

reflux

Question 5

what are the causes of acute gastritis

Answer 5

chemical - aspirin, alcohol, corrosives,

h pylori

Question 6

what is chronic gastritis causes

Answer 6

autoimmune - antiparietal antibodies, bacterial h pylori , chemical

Question 7

what are 95% of all malignant rumours in stomach

Answer 7

adenocarcinoma

Question 8

what 2 things are stomach cancers split into

Answer 8

intestinal - well differentiated , diffuse - poorly differentiated

Question 9

what other types of gastric cancer are there

Answer 9

lymphoma, squamous cell, gastrointestinal stromal tumour, GIST, nueroendocrine

Question 10

what pathogens cause ulcers in the duodenum

Answer 10

CMV, Cryptosporidiosis, giardia, whipples

Question 11

how do we diagnose coeliac

Answer 11

endomysial antibodies and tissue
transglutaminase antibodies
Duodenal biopsies:
On gluten rich diet showing villous atrophy
Off gluten showing normal villi
There are other causes of malabsorption
with similar histology e.g. tropical sprue

Question 12

what type of maltoma is associated with coeliac

Answer 12

enteropathy associated t cell lymphoma