Skeletal & Muscular System

Question 1

Body Systems:

Answer 1

1) Circulatory System
2) Immune system
3) Respiratory System
4) Digestive System
5) Excretory System
6) Nervous System
7) Endocrine System
8) Integumentary System
9) Skeletal System
10) Muscular System
11) Reproductive System

Question 2

Circulatory System:

Answer 2

brings food, water, and oxygen to the cells, carries away waste products; provides for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials in every cell of the body

Question 3

Immune System:

Answer 3

the body’s defense against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders

Question 4

Respiratory System:

Answer 4

supplies body tissues with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Question 5

Digestive System:

Answer 5

breaks down food into a form that can be absorbed by the bloodstream

Question 6

Excretory System

Answer 6

provides a number of openings through which a variety of waste materials are excreted from the body

Question 7

Nervous System:

Answer 7

coordinates the activities of the body

Question 8

Endocrine System:

Answer 8

regulates certain activities of the body by use of hormones

Question 9

Integumentary System

Answer 9

provides communication with the world around us through sensory receptors; protects the body from its surroundings, providing protection from bacteria and other microbes

Question 10

Skeletal System:

Answer 10

gives support and rigidity to the body while protecting vital organs and producing blood cells

Question 11

Muscular System:

Answer 11

provides movement for the body

Question 12

Reproductive System

Answer 12

reproduces

Question 13

Body Cavities:

Answer 13

1) cranial cavity
2) spinal cavity
3) thoracic cavity
4) diaphragm
5) abdomino-pelvic cavity

Question 14

Cranial Cavity:

Answer 14

brain

Question 15

Spinal Cavity:

Answer 15

spinal cord

Question 16

Thoracic Cavity:

Answer 16

heart, lungs, esophagus, windpipe, thymus, aorta

Question 17

Abdomino-pelvic cavity:

Answer 17

liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder, small intestine, large intestine, reproductive organs

Question 18

“Vestigal” Organs:

Answer 18

organs whose purpose did not used to be known and which therefore were used by evolutionists as “proof” of evolution.

Question 19

Body Tissues

Answer 19

1) Muscle
2) Nerve
3) Epithelial
4) Connective

Question 20

Muscle:

Answer 20

e. x. muscles
purpose: movement
structure: designed to contract

Question 21

Nerve:

Answer 21

e. x. nerves
use: controls body activities
structure: long and thin

Question 22

Epithelial:

Answer 22

e. x. outer layers of the skin, lining of the alimentary canal and blood vessels
use: cover, protect, secrete, and regulate temperature
structure: fit together tightly; reproduce rapidly

Question 23

Connective:

Answer 23

e. x. bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, fat, blood, lymph
use: hold the body parts together; store energy
structure: varies according to functions; fat cells have large vacuoles for storage

Question 24

Two broad divisions of the skeletal system:

Answer 24

Axial and Appendicular

Question 25

Axial Skeleton:

Answer 25

“backbone” of the skeletal system, made up of eighty bones that constitute the head and the spine, including the bones of the skull, the hyoid bone in the neck, the vertebrae of the neck and backbone, the sternum (breastbone), and the ribs

Question 26

Appendicular Skeleton:

Answer 26

includes the 126 bones that form the pectoral girdle (shoulders), pelvic girdle (hips), and the appendages (arms and legs)

Question 27

Know the major bones of the head and chest:

Answer 27

Skull (top to bottom, left to right): frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, maxillary bone, occipital bone, mandible

Hyoid bone: u-shpaed neck bone

Spine bones: vertebrae

sternum: breastbone

Question 28

Bone shapes:

Answer 28

long bones (femur)
short bones (carpal)
flat bones (rib)
irregular bones (vertebra)

Question 29

What is the purpose of bone marrow?

Answer 29

The purpose of bone marrow is to manufacture red blood cells and white blood cells for the body’s circulatory and immune systems.

Question 30

Know the parts of a joint:

Answer 30

1) Articular cartilage
2) Synovial fluid
3) Synovial mebrane
4) Ligaments

Question 31

Articular Cartilage:

Answer 31

bearings” that allow the bones to glide smoothly over each other, covering the end of each bone.

Question 32

Synovial fluid:

Answer 32

lubricant of the articular cartilage, a clear, water-based lubricant resembling egg white in appearance and consistency

Question 33

Synovial membrane:

Answer 33

produces the synovial fluid and lines the inside of the joint capsule

Question 34

Ligaments:

Answer 34

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue, arranged to completely encase and support the joint but allow it to bend freely; forming together a “joint capsule”.

Question 35

Muscles:

Answer 35

1) Cardiac
2) Smooth
3) Skeletal

Question 36

Skeletal Muscles:

Answer 36

muscles composed of individual cells known as muscle fibers, bound together in parallel bundles; the contraction filaments inside skeletal muscle cells are arranged in rows that give skeletal muscle tissue a striped/striated appearance (making skeletal muscle also called “striated muscle”); mostly attached to bones by tendons, although the skeletal muscles of the face are attached directly to the facial bones; skeletal muscles are designed to move quickly and powerfully

Question 37

Smooth muscles:

Answer 37

consists of shorter, wider cells than skeletal muscle cells in a looser arrangement; designed for relatively slow, powerful, and prolonged contractions (ex. small intestine, eyelids)

Question 38

Cardiac Muscle:

Answer 38

striated and similar in structure to skeletal muscle but specially designed to contract over and over without tiring; self-stimulating, contracts rhythmically to supply blood to all parts of the body

Question 39

Know how muscles help with movement:

Answer 39

When a muscle is stimulated to contract by an electric impulse from an interneuron, it contracts, shortening the cell; this pulls on the tendon that the muscle is connected to, moving the bone. Some muscles contract; others relax.

Question 40

Hypertrophy:

Answer 40

enlargement of muscles through use

Question 41

Atrophy:

Answer 41

muscle degeneration, caused by inactivity

Question 42

1

Answer 42

ellipsoid joint

Question 43

2

Answer 43

gliding joint

Question 44

3

Answer 44

saddle joint

Question 45

4

Answer 45

pivot joint

Question 46

5

Answer 46

ball-and-socket joint

Question 47

6

Answer 47

hinge joint