Parts of the Cell

Question 1

1

Answer 1

Cell wall

Question 2

2

Answer 2

Chloroplast

Question 3

3

Answer 3

Lysosome

Question 4

4

Answer 4

Vacuole

Question 5

5

Answer 5

Cell Membrane

Question 6

6

Answer 6

Nuclear Envelope

Question 7

7

Answer 7

Centrosome

Question 8

8

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

9

Answer 9

Nucleolus

Question 10

10

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

11

Answer 11

Golgi Apparatus

Question 12

12

Answer 12

Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Question 13

13

Answer 13

Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Question 14

14

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

Cell Membrane

Answer 15

Design: flexible, self-repairing membrane that forms the outer boundary of a cell; countains numerous embedded proteins and reinforcement fibers

Primary Purpose(s): separates cell from environment; determines what materials can enter or leave the cell; actively transports some materials into and out of the cell; senses chemicals in the surrounding environment; cotnains molecular tags for recognition by other cells

Question 16

Cell Wall

Answer 16

Design: rigid, boxlike structure outside the cell membrane of plants; composed of cellulose fibers, lignin, and pectin

Primary Purpose(s): forms protective coat and provides firmness and strength to plant cells

Question 17

Cytoplasm:

Answer 17

Design: the fluid medium of the cell

Primary Purpose(s): forms watery environment for cellular organelles; allows small molecules to diffuse throughout cell

Question 18

Cytoskeleton

Answer 18

Design: complex network of hollow, rodlike girders and other fibers that extend throughout the cell

Primary Purpose(s): maintains the shape of the cell and provides support for organelles; microtubules serve as the “highways” of the cell; allow the cell to change its shape or to creep from place to place; provides support for cilia and flagella

Question 19

Centrosome:

Answer 19

Design: pair of microtubule bundles found only in human and animal cells; located close to nucleus; often considered part of cytoskeleton

Primary Purpose(s): serves as foundation of cytoskeleton; also helps distribute chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division

Question 20

Mitochondria:

Answer 20

Design: sausage-shaped structure consisting of a smooth outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane

Primary Purpose(s): “power plants” of the cell; contain ATP synthase and other enzymes that break down food molecules and use the energy released to produce ATP

Question 21

Chloroplasts:

Answer 21

Design: green, oval-shaped organelles containing hundreds of flattened compartments connected by narrow tubes

Primary Purpose(s): capture energy and use it to produce sugars

Question 22

Ribosomes:

Answer 22

Design: small organelles composed of protein and RNA; consist of two subunits that clamp together to form a functioning unit

Primary Purpose(s): protein factories of the cell; manufacture proteins from animo acids, guided by “blueprints” provided by the nucleus

Question 23

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

Answer 23

Design: system of folded membranes that attaches to the outside of the cell’s nucleus and extends throughout the cell; rough ER is studded with ribosomes, while smooth ER is not

Primary Purpose(s): processes proteins for membranes or for export; breaks down toxins and wastes and manufactures necessary fat molecules

Question 24

Golgi Apparatus:

Answer 24

Design: stack of flattened, membrane-enclosed compartments held together by cell’s cytoskeleton

Primary Purpose(s): processes and packages proteins and other molecules for shipment to their intended destinations in the cell

Question 25

Lysosome:

Answer 25

Design: spherical membrane-enclosed compartment with a highly acidic interior

Primary Purpose(s): breaks down proteins and other cell molecules for recycling

Question 26

Vacuoles:

Answer 26

Design: spherical membrane-enclosed compartments; especially large in plant cells

Primary Purpose(s): store food and other materials for later use

Question 27

Nucleus:

Answer 27

Design: large, often spherical body separated from the rest of the cell by a double membrane (the nuclear envelope); surface is studded with numerous gates known as nuclear pores

Primary Purpose(s): contains the genetic material of the cell and serves as the cell’s control center

Question 28

Nucleolus:

Answer 28

Design: distinct region within the nucleus; may be irregular in shape

Primary Purpose(s): assembles ribosomes