1introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
hydrocarbon
A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms
empirical formula
shows the simplest possible ratio of the atoms in a molecule
molecular formula
shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule
general formula
shows a ratio of atoms in a family of compounds in terms of ānā where n is a varying whole number
displayed formula
shows the spatial arrangement of all the atoms and bonds in a molecule
This is also known as the graphical formula.
structural formula
enough information is shown to make the structure clear, but most of the actual covalent bonds are omitted
homologous series
This is a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to them having the same functional group
all members of a homologous series have
The same general formula Same functional group Similar chemical properties Gradation in their physical properties The difference in the molecular formula between one member and the next is CH2
functional group
A group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series
isomers
are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different displayed formulae
number of carbon atoms in each name
meth- 1 eth- 2 prop- 3 but- 4 pent- 5 hex-6
-ane =
alkane
-ene =
alkene
-anol =
alcohol
-anoic acid=
carboxylic acid
