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Hematology > White Cells > Flashcards

White Cells Flashcards

1
Q

2 classes of WBCs

A

Granulocytes

AGranulocytes

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2
Q

Granulocyte WBCs

A

Neutrophils,
eosinophils,
basophils

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3
Q

Agranulocytes WBCs

A

Monocytes

lymphocytes

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4
Q

Normal total wbc count

A

2.50 - 8.50 x10^9

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5
Q

What is granulopoeisis

A

Production of Granulocytes

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6
Q

Primary granules in granulopoeisis

A

Myeloperoxidase
Acid phosphatase
Esterase

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7
Q

Secondary granules

A

Lysozyme
Elastase
Lactoferrin

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8
Q

Secondary granules are Peroxidase positive or negative

A

Periodixase negative

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9
Q

2 pools in blood stream

A

Circulating pool

Marinating pool

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10
Q

Is the circulating pool included in the FBC

A

Yes

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11
Q

Is the marginating pool included in the full blood counts

A

No

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12
Q

What is circulating pool

A

Free-flowing cells in the blood

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13
Q

What is marginating pool

A

Neutrophils adherence to endothelium in low flow exchange vessels

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14
Q

S The time spent by bone marrow Granulocytes in circulation before moving into tissues

A

6 to 10 hours

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15
Q

The amount of time spent by bone marrow granulocytes in tissues before being destroyed due to old age or defensive action

A

4 to 5 days

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16
Q

Percentage of neutrophils parts of white blood cells

A

25 to 75%

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17
Q

Z Normal amount of neutrophils

A

2.0 - 7.0 x10^9

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18
Q

morphology of nucleus of neutrophils

A

2 to 5 lobes nucleus

Reddish to violet granules in the cytoplasm

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19
Q

Where are neutrophils stored

A

Marrow

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20
Q

Circulation of neutrophils

A

6- 12h

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21
Q

Time of neutrophils in tissues

A

’ 2-4 days

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22
Q

Functions of neutrophils

A

Acute inflammation

Defense against pyigenic bacterial infections , certain fungi

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23
Q

Steps of phagocyte function of neutrophils

A

Chemotaxis

Phagocytosis

24
Q

2 mechanisms of neuhophils phagocytic function

A

Respiratory burst which is oxidative burst

Anti-microbial proteins non-oxidative killing

25
Q

What is the Respiratory burst killing

A

Reactive oxidative products activates elastase collagenase leading to surrounding tissue injury

26
Q

What is the anti-microbial proteins non oxidative killing

A

Proteins like defensins, lactoferrin, in granules

27
Q

Steps of neutrophils phagocytosis

A 
Chemotaxis
Microbe adherence to phagocyte 
Ingestion of microbe by phagocyte 
Formation of a phagosome
Phagosome + lysosome fusion -> phagolysosome 
Microbe digested by enzyme
Residual body with indesgitible material
Discharge of waste material
28
Q

What is left shift

A

Increase in number of immature neutrophil cell types among the blood cells

29
Q

Physiological changes causing variation of neutrophil counts

A

After exercise
Pregnancy, lactation
Mental /emotional stress

30
Q

Pathological causes of Neutrophil

A

Acute pyogenic bacterial infection
Burns
After hemorrhage
Myocardial infarction

31
Q

eosinophils percentages of WBCs

A

1.0-6.0 %

32
Q

Eosinophils amount

A

0.02-0.4 x10^9

33
Q

Size of eosinophils

A

10-15 micrometer

34
Q

Morphology of eosinophils nucleus

A

Bilobed nucleus

Large orange red granules

35
Q

Growth factors eosinophils

A

IL 5
Il3
GM CSF

36
Q

Circulation eosinophils time

A

6-18h

37
Q

Time in tissue eosinophils

A

8-12 days

38
Q

Granule components in eosinophils

A

Cytotoxic proteins

Pro inflammatory proteins

39
Q

Functions of eosinophils

A

Parasites défence
Allergic responses
Tissue repair

40
Q

Basophils percentage f wbcsc

A

0-1%

41
Q

Normal basophils count.

A

0-0.1x10^9

42
Q

Nucleus morphology of basophils

A

Bilobed nucleus

Large basophils granules inside

43
Q

Growth factors basophils

A

IL3

44
Q

Basophils circulation

A

Two weeks

45
Q

Components of granules in basophils

A

Histamine vasodilator
serotonin
heparin anticoagulants
leukotrienes

46
Q

Functions of basophils

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

47
Q

Causes of variations in basophil counts

A

Allergic conditions
chronic myeloid leukemia
viral infections like chicken pox in influenza

48
Q

mast cells nucleus morphology

A

Unilobed nucleus

49
Q

Functions of mast cells

A

IgE mediated allergic disorders

50
Q

Lymphocytes count

A

1.00-3.00 x 10^9

51
Q

Causes of lymphocytosis

A

Chronic infections like tuberculosis
viral infections
autoimmune disease

52
Q

Lymphopenia causes

A

Patients patients with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy

Hypoplastic marrow

widespread irradiation?
AIDS

53
Q

Largest leukocytes in peripheral blood

A

Monocyte

54
Q

morphology of nucleus in monocytes

A

Kidney shaped horseshoe shaped

55
Q

Morphology of cytoplasm in monocytes

A 
Abundant 
stains grayish blue 
 groundglass appearance 
Few fine pinkish purple azurophilic granules
Fine vacuoles
56
Q

Primary Function

A

Phagocytosis

57
Q

Monocytes count variation

A

Bacterial infections like tuberculosis, syphilide , subacute bacterial endoCarditis

Protozoa and rickettsial infections

Hematology (24 decks)

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