DF - organic functional groups Flashcards
aliphatic
any organic compound that does not contain a benzene ring
eg. alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes
aromatic
compounds with a benzene ring structure
arene
compounds with a benzene ring structure
saturated
every carbon atom has 4 single bonds
unsaturated
compound has at least one C=C bond (or triple)
can bond to extra atoms in addition reaction
functional group
a specific group of atoms in a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule
homologous series
families of compounds with the same general formula
eg . alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2
rules of nomenclature
- count carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain to give the stem
eg. meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec- - the main functional group is the suffix
- carbon w/ main functional group attached has lowest possible no.
- write this no. before the suffix (eg. penta-2-ol) - put side chains in alphabetical order after the no. of the carbon it is on
if more than one identical side chain or functional group use:
di-, tri-, tetra-, before the name (this doesn’t affect the alphabetical order)
suffix for alkanes
- ane
eg. propane
suffix for cycloalkanes
cyclo-ane
eg. cyclohexane
nomenclature for alkenes
suffix for alcohols
- ol
eg. ethanol
prefix for side-chains in branched alkanes
alkyl- (-yl)
eg. methylpropane
methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-
prefix for haloalkanes
chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, fluro-,
eg. chloroethane
prefix for arenes
- benzene
eg. ethylbenzene
