Ch25 study guide (newborn nutrition and feeding)

Question 1

structures in the breast that contain alveoli surrounded by myoepithelial cells
- there are approximately 15-20 of these structures embedded in the fat and connective tissue I teach female breast

Answer 1

lobes

Question 2

milk-producing cells

Answer 2

alveoli

Question 3

breast structures that transport milk from the milk-producing cells to the nipple
- they form a complex intertwining network

Answer 3

milk ducts

Question 4

cells that surround the alveoli

- these cells contract in response to oxytocin, resulting in the milk ejection/let-down reflex

Answer 4

myoepithelial cells

Question 5

rounded, pigmented section of tissue surrounding the nipple

Answer 5

areola

Question 6

the process of milk production

Answer 6

lactation (lactogenesis)

Question 7

the lactogenic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to the infant’s suck and emptying of the breast

Answer 7

prolactin

Question 8

posterior pituitary hormone that triggers the let-down reflex

Answer 8

oxytocin

Question 9

reflex response of the nipple when the infant cries, suckles, or rubs against the breast
- this response aids in propelling milk through the milk ducts to the nipple pores

Answer 9

nipple erection reflex

Question 10

nipple type that remains flat and soft and does not protrude, even when stimulated

Answer 10

inverted

Question 11

plastic device that can be placed over the nipple and areola to keep clothing off the nipple and put pressure around its base to promote protrusion of the nipple

Answer 11

breast shell

Question 12

clear yellowish, high protein, antibody rich fluid present in the breasts before the formation of milk

Answer 12

colostrum

Question 13

breastfeeding problem that is best prevented by utilizing correct breastfeeding techniques

Answer 13

sore nipples

Question 14

newborn behaviors that indicate hunger and a desire to eat, such as hand-to-mouth movements, rooting, and mouth and tongue movements

Answer 14

feeding cues

Question 15

reflex triggers by the contraction of myoepithelial cells as a result of oxytocin stimulation
- colostrum, and later milk, is transported to the nipple

Answer 15

let-down or milk-ejection reflex (MER)

Question 16

reflex stimulated when the area around a hungry baby’s mouth is touched
- the baby opens its mouth and begins to suck

Answer 16

rooting reflex

Question 17

placement of the infant’s mouth over the nipple, areola, and breast, making a seal between the mouth and the breast to create adequate suction for milk removal

Answer 17

latch (latch-on)

Question 18

breast response that occurs wrong the third to fifth day when the “milk comes in” and blood supply to the breasts increases
- the breasts become tender, swollen, hot and hard, and even shiny and red

Answer 18

engorgement

Question 19

breastfeeding position in which the mother holds the baby’s head and shoulders in her hand with the baby’s back and body tucked under her arm

Answer 19

football (clutch) hold

Question 20

breastfeeding position in which the baby’s head is positioned in the crook of the mother’s arm and the mother and baby are “tummy to tummy”

Answer 20

cradle (traditional) hold

Question 21

health care professional who specializes in breastfeeding and may be available to assist a new mother with breastfeeding while in the hospital or after discharge

Answer 21

lactation consultant

Question 22

infection of the breast manifested by a swollen, tender breast and sudden onset of flu-like symptoms

Answer 22

mastitis

Question 23

breastfeeding problem that is most often the result of inadequate removal of milk from the breast

Answer 23

plugged milk ducts

Question 24

short or tight frenulum, which interferes with extrusion and affection sucking

Answer 24

ankyloglossia (tongue tie)

Question 25

process whereby the infant is gradually introduced to drinking from a cup and eating solid food while breastfeeding and bottle-feeding is reduced by gradually decreasing the number of feedings

Answer 25

weaning

Question 26

milk that is initially released with breastfeeding and is lower in fat

Answer 26

foremilk

Question 27

milk that is let down 10-20 minutes into the feeding
- often called the cream, it is denser in calories from fat necessary for optimal growth and contentment between feedings

Answer 27

hindmilk (cream)

Question 28

the “mothering” hormones

Answer 28

prolactin and oxytocin

Question 29

medications or substances that are believed to increase milk production

Answer 29

galactagogues