Ch35 study guide (acquired problems of the newborn)

Question 1

physical injury sustained by a neonate during labor and birth

Answer 1

birth trauma (birth injury)

Question 2

rupture of the capillaries within the eye caused by increased intracranial pressure during birth
- they usually clear within 5 days after birth and present no problems

Answer 2

subconjuctival (scleral & retinal) hemorrhages

Question 3

bruises
- may appear on the face as the result of a face presentation or on the buttocks and genitalia with a breech presentation

Answer 3

ecchymoses

Question 4

pinpoint hemorrhagic areas

Answer 4

petechiae

Question 5

the bone most frequently fractured during birth

Answer 5

clavicle

Question 6

brachial paralysis of the upper portion of the arm

- it is the most common type of paralysis associated with a difficult birth

Answer 6

Erb-Duchenne palsy or brachial plexus injury

Question 7

filature of the kidney to develop

Answer 7

renal agenesis

Question 8

sacral agenesis with weakness or deformities of the lower extremities, malformation and fixation of the hip joints, and shortening or deformity of the femurs

Answer 8

caudal regression syndrome

Question 9

excessive fetal growth resulting in a LGA newborn

- often associated with women who have pregestational or gestational diabetes

Answer 9

macrosomia

Question 10

blood glucose levels less than 40 mg/dL in term infants

Answer 10

hypoglycemia

Question 11

disease affecting the structure and function of the heart

Answer 11

cardiomyopathy

Question 12

increased number of RBCs

- results in increased viscosity of the blood

Answer 12

polycythemia

Question 13

results when the excessive RBCs are hemolyzed

Answer 13

hyperbilirubinemia

Question 14

presence of microorganisms or their toxins in blood or other tissues
- it is one of the most significant causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality

Answer 14

sepsis

Question 15

birth injury that can be inflicted with a scalpel during a cesarean birth or with scissors during an episiotomy

Answer 15

accidental laceration

Question 16

disorder that results from toxins released into the bloodstream by microorganisms

• the most common sign is hypotension
• the infant will appear grey or mottled and will have cool extremities and rapid, irregular respirations and pulse

Answer 16

facial paralysis

Question 17

administration of an antibiotic ointment (e.g., erythromycin) into the eyes of the newborn within 1hr of birth to prevent opthalmia neonatorum

Answer 17

eye prophylaxis

Question 18

two types of skull fractures identified in the newborn due to a birth injury

Answer 18

linear & depressed fractures

Question 19

most common type of paralysis associated with a difficult birth and defined as paralysis involving muscles of the upper extremity

Answer 19

brachial plexus injury

Question 20

type of hemorrhage that occurs in newborns as a result of birth and trauma
- more likely to occur in a large newborn

Answer 20

intracranial hemorrhage

Question 21

a collection of blood in the subdural space

Answer 21

subdural hematoma

Question 22

infections caused by an organism that usually does not cause illness

• it is an outcome of HIV infection related to the suppression of immunology activity
• these infections include candidiasis and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)

Answer 22

opportunistic infection

Question 23

infection known as fifth disease or “slapped cheek illness” in older children

Answer 23

parvovirus B19

Question 24

most common cardiac anomalies occurring in infants of diabetic mothers

Answer 24

• coarctation of the aorta
• transportation of the great vessels
• atrial or ventricular septal defects

Question 25

condition that develops in infants of diabetic mothers because of maternal renal loss

Answer 25

hypomagnesemia

Question 26

oral candidiasis

- it is characterized by adherent white plaques on the oral mucosa, gums, and tongue

Answer 26

thrush

Question 27

acute and long-term outcome of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy
- it is characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, CNS malfunctions (e.g., cognitive impairment), and distinctive craniofacial features (e.g., microcephaly, small eyes)

Answer 27

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 28

term given to the group of s/s associated with drug withdrawal in the neonate

Answer 28

neonatal abstinence syndrome