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OSCE > SIPCEP > Flashcards

SIPCEP Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN ISSUE WITH HAIS

A

healthcare associated infections

antimicrobial resistance

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE 10 SIPCS

A 
PPE
safe management of care environment 
- blood and bodily fluid spillages 
- linen 
- care equipment 
safe disposal of waste 
respiratory and cough hygiene 
hand hygiene 
chain of infection
occupational safety
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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE LINKS IN THE CHAIN OF INFECTION

A 
infectious agent 
reservoir 
portal of exit 
mode of transmission 
portal of entry 
susceptible host
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4
Q

WHO IS A SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

A 
lowered immune system due to ; 
old age - declining 
young - underdeveloped 
diseases 
drugs 
breaks in skin 
tubes into body
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5
Q

HOW FAR CAN A SNEEZE TRAVEL

A

5+m

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6
Q

HOW FAR CAN A COUGH TRAVEL

A

2m

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7
Q

WHAT PREVENTS PEOPLE DOING HAND HYGIENE

A

poor role models, irritated hands, resources not available, not enough time/other priorities, disruptions, overusing disposable gloves

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8
Q

WHEN TO USE NON-ANTIMICROBIAL SOAP OVER ABHR

A

when hands are visibly soiled
when there is a GI disease involved
when you have a build up of ABHR on your hands

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9
Q

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE IN DEFENCE BETWEEN SOAP AND ABHR

A

ABHR is more effective but not to as many bugs as soap such as gastro ones

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10
Q

5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE

A

before touching patient
before an aseptic procedure
after touching patient / their surroundings
after a blood or bodily fluid spillage

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 PPE

A 
non-sterile disposable gloves
sterile disposable gloves 
footwear 
visor/mask/goggles 
disposable apron
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12
Q

WHEN DO YOU WEAR DISPOSABLE GLOVES

A

blood / bodily fluids
mucous membrane
cleaning products
chronic wounds

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13
Q

WHEN DO YOU WEAR A DISPOSABLE APRON

A

direct care to a person
direct contact w blood / bodily fluid
cleaning products
person with an infection

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14
Q

A WAY TO ASSESS IF YOU NEED PPE

A

if there is a possibility of contact with with blood or bodily fluid
or with splashing

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15
Q

DONNING PPE

A 
hand hygiene 
apron 
mask 
eye protection
gloves
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16
Q

DOFFING PPE

A 
gloves 
apron
eye protection
mask 
hand hygiene
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17
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU FIND A BLOOD OR BODILY FLUID SPILLAGE

A 
cordon it off/stay with it 
assess the type of spillage - algorithm
collect the equipment 
PPE
disinfect and clean
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18
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS A URINE SPILLAGE

A

soak up with paper towels
use a gelling agent
chlorine 1000ppm solution (sodium hypochlorite)
manufacturers instructions for how long

use warm water and general detergent
dry
discard waste into healthcare waste bag
hand hygiene

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19
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS A BLOOD SPILLAGE

A

chlorine granules directly on / 10000ppm chlorine solution
3 mins / manufacturers instructions
discard waste into a healthcare waste bag

use warm water and general detergent
dry
discard waste into healthcare waste bag
hand hygiene

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20
Q

HOW MUCH PPM CHLORINE IS USED ON FAECES/VOMIT/SPUTUM

A

1000ppm av Cl

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21
Q

WHY IS A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF CHLORINE REQUIRED FOR BLOOD SPILLAGES

A

higher BBV risk

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22
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE CHLORINE SOLUTION USED

A

sodium hypochlorite

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23
Q

WHAT EQUIPMENT IS REQUIRED FOR A BLOOD/BODILY FLUID SPILLAGE

A 
healthcare waste bag 
PPE - gloves, apron 
paper towels 
general detergent solution 
chlorine solution (depends on spillage type)
gelling agent - if urine
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24
Q

WHAT PPE IS REQUIRED FOR CLEANING A SPILLAGE

A

gloves
apron
contact with blood/ bodily fluid

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25
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 STAGES OF DECONTAMINATION

A 
cleaning = physical dirt removal, detergent 
disinfection = decreased no. micro-organisms, chemical disinfectant 
sterilisation = removes all micro-organisms, heat/chemical disinfectant
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26
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 CATAGORIES OF CARE EQUIPMENT

A

single use
single patient use = re-used on same patient
re-usable invasive = re-used items after decontaminated
re-useable non-invasive = re-used communal items after decontaminated, have a schedule to clean

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27
Q

WHAT WIPES ARE COMMONLY USED ON REUSEABLE NON INBASIVE EQUIPMENT

A

70% isopropyl

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28
Q

HIGHEST TO LOWEST INFECTION RISK OF THINGS TO CONTACT

A

broken skin / body cavity
mucous membrane
in tact skin

29
Q

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SAFE MANAGEMENT OF CARE EQUIPMENT

A

commonly clinical staff

30
Q

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFE MANAGEMENT OF CARE ENVIRONMENT

A

cleaning/domestic staff

31
Q

WHAT DO THE 4 CLEANING PRODUCT COLOURS MEAN

A 
blue = general wards and public places 
green = food
red = bathroom
yellow = isolated areas and ambulances
32
Q

WHAT SHOULD A CLEANING SCHEDULE TELL YOU

A

whats been cleaned
who cleaned it
when it was cleaned
when it should next be cleaned

33
Q

ADVANTAGE OF A CLEANIING SCHEDULE

A

staff satisfaction

prevents duplication of error

34
Q

HOW OFTEN SHOULD CLEANING SOLUTIONS BE CHANGED

A

30 mins

35
Q

DEFINE SIGNIFICANT INCIDENT

A

contact with blood/ bodily fluids

36
Q

DEFINE SIGNIFICANT EXPOSURE

A

contact with blood/ bodily fluids where source is known to/found to have a BBV

37
Q

TYPES OF SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTS

A

percutaneous injury = sharps
broken skin exposure
mucous membrane exposure

38
Q

DEFINE SHARPS

A

anything that can break the skin

needles, teeth, instruments, bone fragments

39
Q

RISK OF CONTRACTING THE THREE BBV

A

hep B = 1/3 / 30%
hep C = 1/30 / 3%
HIV = 1/300 / 0.3%

40
Q

TREATING EACH BBV

A

hep B = a vaccine / PEP if no vaccine response
hep C = no vaccine / no PEP / but there are good treatments
HIV = no vaccine / PEP ASAP

41
Q

WHAT ARE EXPOSURE PRONE PROCEDURES

A

staff with BBV have a gloved finger not visible when near a sharp in body of patient

42
Q

SHARPS RULES

A 
dont fill above line 
dont have open when not in use 
dont put bin on floor 
dont put hand into bin 
dont walk around with exposed sharps 
dispose of used sharp immediately
ask for assistance with an uncooperative patient 
dont pass sharps to someone else
43
Q

WAYS TO PREVENT SHARPS INJURIES

A 
follow sharps rules 
avoid sharps where possible 
use 'safer' sharps where possible 
cover cuts 
PPE 
keep sharps containers at safe heights
never resheath needle
44
Q

SHARPS FIRST AID PROCEDURE

A 
stop 
make sharp safe again 
encourage bleeding 
wash with warm water and non-antimicrobial soap 
dry 
waterproof dressing 
tell senior 
call occupational health 
follow advice which might mean getting bloods
45
Q

MUCOUS MEMBRANE SPLASH PROCEDURE

A

rinse eye with water / eye wash kits

46
Q

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFELY DISPOSING OF WASTE

A

your duty of care to others
costs
regulations

47
Q

3 CATAGORIES OF WASTE AND THIER COLOUR

A

domestic waste - black
healthcare waste - orange, yellow, blue
special/hazardous - red, purple

48
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF HEALTHCARE WASTE AND THEIR COLOURS

A 
clinical = orange lid yellow bin 
hygiene = orange bag 
medicinal = blue lid yellow bin
49
Q

WHAT DOES THE YELLOW COLOUR WASTE MEAN

A

high risk / ethical

50
Q

WHAT DOES THE ORANGE WASTE STREAM MEAN

A

low risk

51
Q

HOW DOES GIVING SOMEONE ANTIBIOTICS CAUSE CLOSTRIDUM DIFFICILE

A

because antibiotics kill both good and bad bacteria and CD can lie dormant and now can multiply and release toxins
happens day 4-9 after started the antibiotics

52
Q

RISK FACTORS FOR C.DIFF

A 
previous antibiotic exposure
old
long hospital stays 
underlying diseases 
surgery
53
Q

SYMPTOMS OF C DIFF

A 
diarrhoea 
ab cramp 
frequent stool
fever
increased WBC 
colitis
54
Q

DEFINITION OF DIARRHOEA

A

3+ loose stools a day

55
Q

HOW DOES C.DIFF SPREAD

A

spores

through faeces

56
Q

HOW TO TREAT C.DIFF

A

oral metronidazole

vancomycin

57
Q

HOW TO STOP SPREAD OF C.DIFF

A 
isolate patient 
stop appropriate antibiotics 
PPE
decontaminate environment daily w 1000ppm av Cl 
wash hands with soap not ABHR
58
Q

COMMON SHARPS INJURIES

A 
during IDB - into thumb 
adjusting posts of CoCr dentures out the mouth 
burs/ultrasonic tips left in handpieces 
slipping luxators 
unsheathed needles left on messy tray
59
Q

WHY CHECK THE PERSON WITH THE SHARPS INJURY HBV LEVEL AT THE TIME

A

so we can know whether it was the incident that caused it or not

60
Q

WHEN WOULD PEP BE REQUIRED

A

when the sources blood is high risk

61
Q

HOW SOON SHOULD PEP BE GIVEN

A

ASAP but within 72 hours

62
Q

WHAT IS HEPATITIS B IMMUNE GLOBIN

A

a drug that is a recommended addition to the hep B vaccine for PEP of hep B

63
Q

WHICH MEDICATION IS USED FOR HIV PEP

A

anti-retroviral medication

anti HIV basically

64
Q

SIDE EFFECTS OF HIV PEP

A

headache
fever
nausea

65
Q

HOW LONG SHOULD YOU CHECK UP ON BBV EXPOSURE/PEP STARTED

A

12 weeks

if the test is negative now there is high confidence that they don’t have a BBV

66
Q

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO ON A BLOOD SOURCE PERSON OF A SHARPS INJURY

A

risk assessment

if answer Q4-10 as Yes then high risk of BBV

67
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A DATIX FORM IS FILLED OUT

A

injured person goes on affected person list

dentist/student name/number added as a witness and to the summary of the event

68
Q

WHY MUST THE BBV RISK ASSESSMENT FORM BE DESTROYED AFTER OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

A

as BBV person doesn’t have to disclose that they have a BBV - its confidential

69
Q

WHAT OTHER CHEMICAL CAN BE USED TO CLEAN BLOOD SPILLAGES

A

dichloroisocyanurate

OSCE (14 decks)

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