ummayad literature Flashcards
The Umayyad dynasty (Arabic:بنو أمية Banu Umayya), whose name derives from?
Umayya b. ‘Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of Mu‘awiyah. Both Umayya and Hashim belong to Quraysh.
the first Umayad Caliph?
Mu’awiya bin Abu Sufyan, the governor of Damascus.
- Mu‘āwiya’s accession to power marks the end of first phase of Islam
- Caliphate becomes effectively hereditary
The Umayyads
- Move of capital to Damascus provides Mediterranean base for further expansion
- Accumulation of wealth and power affected life style
- Byzantine administrative machinery largely retained (Chief Secretary Syrian Christian)
- Beginning of Islamic achievements in architecture
The Umayyad Caliphs: only the important ones
- Muawiyah (the first) b abu Sufyan
- Yazid (the first) bin Mu’awiya
- Abd al-Malik bin Marwan
- Al-Walid I bin Abd al-Malek
- Marwan II bin Mohammad bin Marwan bin al-Hakam
when was Mu’awiya was succeeded by Yazeed his son?
in 680 and The hereditary accession of Yazid was opposed by a number of prominent Muslims, most notably ‘Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr, son of one of the Companions of the Prophet, and Husayn b. Ali, grandson of the Prophet and younger son of Ali. The resulting conflict is known as the “Second fitna”.
the Dome of the Rock was constructed by the order of?
Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik bin Marwan between 689 and 691 CE
Al-Masjid al-Aqsa was originally a small prayer house built by the Rashidun caliph Umar, but was rebuilt and expanded by the Umayyad caliph?
Abd al-Malik and finished by his son al-Walid in 705 CE
Following ‘Abd al-Malik’s (685 -705) death, his son, al-Walid I (705-15) became caliph. Al-Walid was also active as a builder, sponsoring the extention of al-masjid al-nabawi in Medina and the construction of the Great Mosque of Damascus.
T/F
True
how are the Umayyad mosque s?
they had Mihrab, Minbar (the pulpit) and Mezana (Minaret)
Abd al-Malik bin marwan:
credited with centralizing the administration of the caliphate, and with establishing Arabic as its official language. He also introduced a uniquely Muslim coinage, marked by its aniconic decoration, which supplanted the Byzantine and Sasanian coins that had previously been in use.
The peak of Umayyad power :
- High point of Umayyad power reached during reign of Walīd (705-715 C.E.)
- Arab force reached Indian province of Sind, but not followed up, and Muslim conquest of India happened much later.
Division partly Arab / non-Arab, but basically economic and social rather than racial.
T/F
true
when does the Umayyad caliphate fall?
Umayyad Caliphate falls in 750
- Non Arab converts resented inequality
- Arabs of Iraq resented Syrian influence in political affairs.
- Pious Muslims felt that the Umayyad Caliphs were not religious enough
- Shiites attacked Umayyad family’s legitimacy. (One rebellion brings down the Umayyads. However, one branch escapes to Spain and establishes kingdom).
who was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of the Iberian Peninsula known as (al-Anadalus)?
Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu’awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (731–788)
what were the 2 genres of poetry during Umayyad literature (661 – 750 CE)?
- “Ghazal”: 1. The Hijazi school with main representative ‘Umar bin Abi rabi’a whose love poetry was daring, sensous and profane
- The ‘Udhri school with main representative Jamil Buthayna and Qais Layla whose potry was chaste pure and sublime.
- “Naqa’id”: literary means “contradictions”, it is poetical contests where, it is a form of poetry, tribal or personal insults are exchanged. These poems usually coming in pairs, employing the same metre and rhyme. It belongs to the genre of hija’
