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Core studies > Chaney et al - Developmental area > Flashcards

Chaney et al - Developmental area Flashcards

1
Q

What are behaviour therapy and behaviour modification based on?

A
  • Based on classical conditioning

- Based on operant conditioning

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2
Q

What doesn’t necessarily improve with rising severity of illness?

A

Adherence

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3
Q

What did Watt et al propose would improve medical adherence in young asthmatics?

A

That a positive interplay of adherence considerations with aerosol output factors would improve medication adherence in young asthmatics

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4
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A
  • It is a form of associative learning
  • Whereby, associations and connections are formed between stimuli and responses that didn’t exist before learning occurs
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5
Q

What does operant conditioning involve?

A

It involves learning through the consequences of behavioural responses

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6
Q

Who first investigated the principles of operant conditioning?

A

Thorndike

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7
Q

What did he find?

A
  • Found that any response that led to desirable consequences was more likely to be repeated
  • Any response that led to undersirable consequences was less likely to be repeated - a principle which became known as the Law of Effect
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8
Q

What was the aim of this study?

A
  • The aim of this study was to show that the use of a novel asthma spacer device, the ‘Funhaler’, which incorporated incentive toys isolated from the main inspiratory circuit by a valve whilst not compromising drug delivery
  • can provide positive reinforcement which leads to improved adherence in young asthmatics
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9
Q

What experimental method was used?

A

Field experiment

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10
Q

What was the experimental design that was used?

A

Repeated measures design

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11
Q

What was the IV? (2)

A
  • Whether the child used a standard/small volume spacer device - The breath-A-Tech
  • Whether the child used a Funhaler
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12
Q

What was the DV?

A

The amount of adherence to the prescribed medical regime

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13
Q

How many children were in the study? (gender)

A
  • 32 children

- 22 male, 10 female

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14
Q

Where was the study conducted?

A

Conducted in the P’s home setting in Australia

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15
Q

On average, how long had the children had asthma?

A

2.2 years

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16
Q

How did the children’s parents get involved?

A
  • Helped (where necessary) in the use of the inhalers

- Completed questionnaires and took part in a phone interview

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17
Q

What did the parents provide?

A

Provided informed consent

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18
Q

What was the sampling technique?

A

Random sampling

19
Q

How were P’s recruited?

A

Recruited from clinics across a large area

20
Q

What happened first? (inhalers)

A
  • Firstly, a comparison was made between the aerosol output of the standard/small volume spacer device
  • 235ml Breath-A-Tech
  • 225ml Funhaler
21
Q

Was there any differences observed?

A

There was no significant differences observed

22
Q

What did that mean for the comparison?

A
  • The comparison was therefore complementary

- It indicated that the use of a Funhaler rather than a standard inhaler does not compromise drug delivery

23
Q

How were participants approached by the researcher?

A
  • Approached by the researcher at home
  • Before the Funhaler was even mentioned
  • They were interviewed with a questionnaire on their existing use of the inhaler
24
Q

How long were they given the funhaler?

A

Two weeks

25
Q

What happened in the 2 weeks

A

They reported over the phone on an ad hoc basic to take snapshots of whether they had used the Funhaler the previous day

26
Q

What were completed by the parents?

A

Matched questionaires

27
Q

When were the matched questionnaires completed?

A

After sequential use of the Breath-A-Tech inhaler and the Funhaler

28
Q

After sequential use of both inhalers, who visited them again?

A

Researchers

29
Q

What happened when they were visited?

A

The parents were interviewed and they completed the matched questionnaires

30
Q

What data was collected from the self-report?

A
  • How easy each device was to use
  • Compliance of parents and children
  • Treatment attitudes
31
Q

During the course of the study, when were the parents called?

A
  • At random

- To find out whether they had attempted to medicate their child the day before

32
Q

Why does the Fuhaler include features to the inhaler?

A
  • To distract the attention of the child from the drug delivery event
  • Provide a means of self-reinforcing the use of effective technique
33
Q

How was the funhaler made appealing?

A
  • Isolates Incentive toys (spinner + whistle)
  • Design of the toys ensures sufficient inspiratory resistance to minimise entrainment of inspired air through the circuit toy
  • Design attempts to link optimal function of the toys deep breathing pattern conductive to effective medication
  • Design anticipates the potential for boredom - its modular arrangement would allow for the replacement of the incentive toy module with a range of other toys.
34
Q

Did the use of the Funhaler associate with improved parental and child compliance?

A

Yes

35
Q

When surveyed at random, how many children were found to have been medicated the previous day (FUNHALER)

A

81% (22/27)

36
Q

What was this in comparison to?

A
  • 59% of children (16/27)

- using the existing small volume spacer device

37
Q

How many children took the recommended 4 or more cycles per aerosol delivery when using the funhaler?

A
  • 80%
  • 24/30
  • compared with 15/30 - 50% Standard/ Small volume spacer
  • 30% more
38
Q

How many parents were always successful in medicating their child with the funhaler?

A

22/30

39
Q

How many parents were always successful in medicating their child with the B-A-T?

A

3/30

40
Q

What was the Funhaler associated with?

A

Fewer problems than when using the existing device

41
Q

Is the Funhaler useful for management of young asthmatics?

A

Improved adherence combined with satisfactory delivery characteristics, suggest that the Funhaler may be useful for management of young asthmatics

42
Q

What could the use of the Funhaler be translated to?

A

The use of the Funhaler could possibly be translated to improved measures of clinical outcome

43
Q

How can the Funhaler improve health?

A

The use of functional incentive devices such as the Funhaler may improve the health of children

44
Q

Is more research needed?

A

More research is recommended in the long term efficiency of this treatment

Core studies (20 decks)

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