Bone Types & Functions Flashcards
what are the 5 types of bones
long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones
what are long bones
- bones that are longer than they are wide
- consist of diaphysis(compact bone) with two epiphyses(cancellous/spongy bone) each end
- contains growth (epiphyseal) plates
- contains medullary cavity which contains blood marrow
function of long bones
- blood cell production
- leverage (movement)
e.g. humerus, femur, tibia
what are short bones
- roughly cube shaped bones
function of short bones
weight bearing
e.g. tarsals, carpals
what are flat bones
thin, flat bones
function of flat bones
protection
e.g. cranium, ribs
what are sesamoid bones
bones embedded within a tendon (e.g. patella)
function is for smooth movement, reducing friction at a joint
what are irregular bones
- bones that don’t fit any other category
e. g. pelvis, vertebrae
what happens to bones during weight bearing exercise
micro fractures occur and are healed
what are the five stages of bone remodelling
- activation
- resorption
- reversal
- formation
- quiescence
what happens during the activation stage of bone remodelling
a signal is sent, and osteoclasts are sent
osteo = bone clasts = breakdown
what happens during the resorption stage of bone remodelling
osteoclasts dig cavity into bone
what happens during the reversal stage of bone remodelling
osteoclasts die, and osteoblasts arrive to build bone back up
mineralised by calcium & phosphorus
mineralised = built back up
what happens during the formation stage of bone remodelling
bone is mineralised by calcium & phosphorus
mineralised = built back up
