Joints & Joint Movements

Question 1

what is flexion and extension

Answer 1

flexion - when joint angle decreases

extension - when joint angle increases

Question 2

what is plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Answer 2

plantar flexion - pointing toes downwards

dorsiflexion - pointing toes upwards

Question 3

what is hyperextension and lateral flexion

Answer 3

hyperextension - joint angle increases beyond 180 degrees

lateral flexion - joint angle decreases sideways

Question 4

what is adduction and abduction

Answer 4

adduction - movement of a limb towards midline of body

abduction - movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

Question 5

what is rotation and circumduction

Answer 5

rotation - turning/pivoting around an axis

circumduction - distal end of limb moves in circular motion

Question 6

what is horizontal flexion and horizontal extension

Answer 6

horizontal flexion - limb moves across/towards body (e.g. arm across chest)
horizontal extension - opposite to horizontal flexion

Question 7

what is horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction

Answer 7

horizontal adduction - movement of limb towards midline of body horizontally
horizontal abduction - movement of limb away from midline of body horizontally