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Medicine Year 4 > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

First line analgesia for lower back pain

A

ORAL NSAIDS

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2
Q

What medication will worsen compartment syndrome?

A

Anticoagulation

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3
Q

When is an ankle xray needed?

A

Pain in malleolar zone +

  • bony tenderness at lateral/medial malleolar zone
  • inability to walk 4 steps after injury and in ED
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4
Q

Assessing patients fracture risk

A

FRAX tool

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5
Q

Presentation of trochanteric bursitis

A

Isolated lateral hip/thigh pain with tenderness over the greater trochanter

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6
Q

Short Hx of pain with radiological signs affecting second metatarsal

A

Stress fracture

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7
Q

Carpal tunnel action potentials

A

Prolongation in sensory and motor axons

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8
Q

Pain over radial styloid on forced abduction/flexion of the thumb

A

Tenosynovitis

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9
Q

4-8 y/o boy
weeks Hx of hip/groin pain
xray widening of right hip joint space with flattening of femoral head

A

Perthes

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10
Q

4 year old with limp and pain which gets better during the day

A

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

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11
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

compression of ulnar nerve

+ve tinnels

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12
Q

Intracapsular NOF fracture in active and mobile woman

A

Internal fixation

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13
Q

Weakness of hip abduction and foot drop with no specific reflex lost

A

L5 radiculopathy

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14
Q

Salter Harris:

Through the metaphysis and epiphysis

A

4

Poor prognosis

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15
Q

Risk factor for adhesive capsulitis

A

T2DM

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16
Q

Common cause of knee pain in runners

A

Iliotibial band syndrome

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17
Q

Injury with ‘pop’ and locking of the knee

A

Meniscal tear

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18
Q

Overweight adolescent boy with knee/hip problems

A

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis

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19
Q

What diagnosis increases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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20
Q

How to assess for achilles tendon rupture?

A

Simmonds triad

  • palpate tendon
  • angle of declination at rest
  • calf squeeze test
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21
Q

Management of grade 1-2 acromioclavicular joint injury

A

Conservative: rest and sling

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22
Q

Bone remodelling on xray with swollen red warm join in pt with T2DM

A

Charcot joint

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23
Q

Fever + Back pain worse on hip extension

A

Iliopsoas abscess

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24
Q

Impaired external rotation

A

Adhesive capsulitis

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25
Q

management for subluxation of the radial head

A

Passive supination of the elbow joint whilst flexed to 90 degrees

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26
Q

Spinal stenosis

A

Presents with claudication

Pain improves when sitting forward

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27
Q

McMurray Test

A

Meniscal tear

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28
Q

External rotation and abduction of the upper limb
Bulge under the clavicle
Axillary nerve loss

A

Anterior shoulder dislocation

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29
Q

Achilles Tendon rupture

- test and diagnosis

A 
Thompson test (calf squeeze)
Ultrasound first line
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30
Q

Knee pain after exercise, locking and clunking

A

Osteochondritis dissecans

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31
Q

Pain localised over tibia

A

Stress fracture - x ray

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32
Q

Heel pain

- diagnosis and management

A

Plantar fasciitis

Rest, stretching and weight loss

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33
Q

Open fracture initial management

A

Immediate wound debridement and application of external fixation
Delay surgery until soft tissues have recovered

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34
Q

Leriche syndrome

A
  1. claudication of the buttocks and thighs
  2. Atrophy of leg muscles
  3. Impotence (paralysis of L1 nerve)
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35
Q

Pudendal nerve damage

A

Paraesthesia in pelvic area
Increased sensitivity to pain
Feeling of a golf ball in perineum

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36
Q

Young adult, FOOSH, tenderness over radial head, pain on lateral elbow with pronation and supination

A

Fracture of the radial head

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37
Q

FOOSH with rotational force, bruising over lower forearm, displaced fracture of radius and disrupted joint

A

Galeazzi fracture

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38
Q

Investigation in child with unexplained bone pain

A

xray in 48 hours

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39
Q

What movements are impaired in adhesive capsulitis?

A

External rotation

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40
Q

IV drug users with infective endocarditis can present with discitis

A
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41
Q

What organism causes osteomyelitis?

A

Staph aureus

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42
Q

What structure is divided in surgical management of carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

43
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Arm is abducted and externally rotated
Humeral head in a subcoracoid position in AP view
95%

44
Q

Position of a posterior hip dislocation

A

Shortened and internally rotated

45
Q

Position of a NOF fracture

A

Shortened and externally rotated

46
Q

Where is the cubital tunnel?

A

Elbow

47
Q

What does a Monteggia fracture involve?

A

Dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in association with an ulnar fracture

48
Q

Diagnose meniscal tears

A

MRI

49
Q

How long after hip replacement is weight bearing?

A

Immediately post op

50
Q

Anterolateral leg sensation

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

51
Q

Management of scaphoid fracture in emergency department

A

In the emergency department, suspected scaphoid fractures should be managed with immobilisation using a Futuro splint or standard below-elbow backslab before specialist review

52
Q

Scaphoid fracture management

A

Internal fixation if displaced

Conservative management if no xray abnormality

53
Q

Where is the anatomical snuffbox

A

Between the extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons

54
Q

Management for intertrochanteric (extracapsular) proximal femoral fracture

A

Dynamic hip screw

55
Q

Trochanteric pain syndrome

A

Trochanteric bursitis

56
Q

Avascular necrosis on xray

A

Crescent sign

57
Q

Biggest risk factor for avascular necrosis

A

Chemotherapy

58
Q

Fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement and no articular involvement

A

Colle’s

59
Q

Hill Sachs Lesion

A

Glenohumeral dislocation

60
Q

Shoulder pain to 90 degrees abduction

A

Supraspinatus tear

61
Q

Diabetic with reduced sensation in feet and temperature and investigation

A

Osteomyelitis

MRI

62
Q

Sepsis with changing lower lib neurology

A

Epidural abscess

63
Q

Sensory loss of posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot, weakness in plantar flexion of foot, reduced ankle reflex, positive sciatic nerve stretch test

Nerve root

A

S1

64
Q

Hit to knee, swollen, with no fractures

A

Dislocated patella

65
Q

15 year old gradual onset knee pain worse with activity, tenderness over tibial tuberosity

A

Osgood Schlatter

66
Q

Mortons neuroma

A

Sharp pain and numbness in foot

Ultrasound

67
Q

Clubfoot management

A

Manipulation and progressive casting soon after birth

68
Q

Triceps tendon nerve root and nerve

A

Radial nerve C7

69
Q

Foot drop

A

Peroneal nerve

70
Q

Investigation and management for psoas abscess

A

CT abdomen

IV ABx and percutaneous drainage

71
Q

Management of simple rib fracture

A

Conservative management with adequate analgesia

72
Q

Imaging for cauda equina

A

MRI spine

73
Q

Nerve damaged:

numb thigh, weak knee extension, patella reflex not elicited

A

Femoral nerve

74
Q

Displaced hip fracture management

A

Hemiarthroplasty

75
Q

Tender swelling on posterior elbow

A

Olecranon bursitis

76
Q

Neurovascular structure damaged with a scaphoid fracture

A

Dorsal carpal arch of the radial artery

77
Q

Imaging for achilles tendon rupture

A

Ultrasound ankle

78
Q

Undisplaced scaphoid fracture

A

Cast for 6-8 weeks

79
Q

What is radiculopathy

A

Follows a dermatomal distribution unlike a named nerve pathology

80
Q

ICU avoiding chest infection

A

Physiotherapy

81
Q

Pain over the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

Meralgia parasthetica

82
Q

L5 lesion

A

Loss of foot dorsiflexion and sensory loss dorsum of foot

83
Q

What nerve is injured during a knee arthroplsaty?

A

Common peroneal nerve

84
Q

Common cause of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome

A

RA

85
Q

cause of 5th metatarsal fractures

A

Inversion of the foot and ankle

86
Q

Squaring of the thumb - OA or RA

A

OA

87
Q

Shoulder pain and weakness following glandular fever

A

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome

88
Q

Medial epicondylitis

A

Golfers elbow

89
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

Tennis elbow

90
Q

What are heberdens nodes?

A

bony outgrowths in the DIP associated with OA that skew the fingertip sideways

91
Q

Investigation for osteoporotic vertebral fracture

A

X ray spine

92
Q

Lachman Test

A

ACL

93
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell - organism

A

Salmonella enterididis

94
Q

Nerve injured in posterior hip displacement

A

Sciatic

95
Q

Clubfoot examination findings

A

Inverted and plantar flexed foot which is not passively correctable

96
Q

What medication increases the risk of dupytrens?

A

Seizure

97
Q

Management of undisplaced patella fractures

A

Conservative management

98
Q

What is the most common reason that total hip replacements need to be revised?

A

Aseptic loosening of the implant

99
Q

Analgesia in patients with a NOF fracture

A

Iliofascial nerve block

100
Q

Pain on shoulder abduction 90-120 degreees

A

Subacromial impingement

101
Q

What do oslers nodes look like and what conditions are they found in?

A

tender purple/red raised lesions with a pale centre

endocarditis, SLE, haemolytic anaemia, gonorrhoea

102
Q

Minimally displaced stable fracture management

A

May weight bear in CAM boot

103
Q

What 2 fractures is compartment syndrome most commonly associated with?

A

Supracondylar fracture

Tibial shaft fracture

Medicine Year 4 (13 decks)

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