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Medicine Year 4 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What skin condition can be made worse by topical steroids

A

Perioral dermatitis

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2
Q

What medication exacerbated plaque psoriasis

A

Beta blockers

also lithium but but bb first

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3
Q

How can you differentiate between spider naevi and telangiectasia

A

By pressing on them and watching them fill

  • Spider naevi fill from the centre
  • Telangiectasia fill from the edge
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4
Q

What bacteria contributes towards the development of acne

A

Propionibacterium

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5
Q

What is alopecia areata and what should you measure?

A

Autoimmune condition causing localised well-demarcated patches of hair loss with small ‘exclamation mark’ hairs
Screen for other autoimmune diseases

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6
Q

Golden crust

A

IMPETIGO

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7
Q

Acute onset of tear drop scaly papules on the trunk and limbs

A

Guttate psoriasis

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8
Q

What infection can precipitate guttae psoriasis or erythema nodosum

A

Streptococcal throat infection

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9
Q

First line treatment for lichen planus

A

Potent topical steroids

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10
Q

Flat topped rash on palms, elbow creases and soles of feet

A

Lichen planus

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11
Q

Treatment for dermatophyte nail infections

A

Oral terbinafine

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12
Q

Features associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

A

Pulmonary hepatic cerebral and spinal AVMs

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of pemphigus

A

Antibodies target the desmosomes that connect the cells

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14
Q

Cause of hirsutism

A

Cushings syndrome

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15
Q

Treatment of pityriasis versicolor

A

Ketoconazole shampoo

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16
Q

How many weeks does it take for scabies to stop itching

A

4 weeks

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17
Q

Subtype of eczema characterised by an intensely pruritic rash on the palms and soles

A

Pompholyx eczema

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18
Q

Features of rosacea

A

Nose cheeks and forehead

Flushing erythema telangiectasia –> papules and pustules

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19
Q

Complication of hidradenitis suppurativa

A

Sinus tracts and fistulas

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20
Q

What is hutchinson’s sign

A

Pigmentation of nail bed affecting proximal nail fold

Suggests menalona

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21
Q

First line treatment for hyperhidrosis

A

Topical aluminiumc hloride

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22
Q

What can PUVA progress to

A

SCC

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23
Q

First line treatment for seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

Topical ketoconazole

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24
Q

Long-term management of psoriasis

A

Calcipotriol

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25
Q

2 common complications of seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

Otitis externa and blepharitis

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26
Q

Management of children with new onset purpura

A

Refer immediately for investigations to exclude ALL and meningococcal disease

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27
Q

Treatment of psoriasis

A

Potent corticosteroid applied once daily and vitamin D analogue applied once daily

Aim for a 4 week break in between courses of topical corticosteroids

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28
Q

Treatment of erythema nodosum

A

Supportive

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29
Q

Features of lichen planus

A

Purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on flexor surfaces
Wickham’s striae over surface
Oral involvement common

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30
Q

Features of lichen sclerosus

A

itchy white spots typically seen on the vulva of elderly women

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31
Q

Main clinical feature of polymorphic eruption in pregnancy

A

Periumbilical sparing

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32
Q

What is hidradenitis suppurativa

A

a chronic, painful, inflammatory skin disorder is characterized by nodules, pustules, sinus tracts, and scars in intertriginous areas

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33
Q

2 precipitating factors for pompholyx eczema

A

Humidity (sweating)

High temperatures

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34
Q

Treatment of rosacea

A

mild/moderate: topical metronidazole

severe/resistant: oral tetracycline e.g. doxycycline

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35
Q

What should you monitor when a patient is admitted for erythroderma

A

Complications e.g. dehydration and high output heart failure

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36
Q

Sign of herpes simplex

A

Erythema multiforme

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37
Q

2 types of blisters/bullae

A

no mucosal involvement (in exams at least*): bullous pemphigoid
mucosal involvement: pemphigus vulgaris

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38
Q

Visible cold sores, punched out lesions, lymphadenopathy, fever and malaise

What is it?
What is the cause?
How is it managed?

A

Eczema herpeticum
Herpes Simplex Virus (rarely Coxsackievirus)
Antiviral treatment

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39
Q

most effective treatment for prominent telangiectasia in rosacea

A

Laser therapy

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40
Q

Management of shingles

A

Treat with antivirals within 72 hours of onset

Infectious until the vesicles have crusted over

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41
Q

Best way to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis

A

Skin patch test

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42
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Pink or white papules in the umbilical area with a central dimple

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43
Q

Management of molluscum contagiosum

A

No treatment

Send to school

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44
Q

What is Acanthosis nigricans

A

Thickened skin around the axilla and groin area

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45
Q

Golden, crusted skin lesions typically found around the mouth of a child

A

Impetigo

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46
Q

Superficial epidermal burn

A

Red and painful

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47
Q

Partial thickness (superficial dermal)

A

Pale, pink, painful, blistered, blanching erythema

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48
Q

Partial thickness (deep dermal)

A

White but patches of non-blanching erythema, reduced sensation

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49
Q

Full thickness burn

A

White/brown/black
No blisters
No pain

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50
Q

Lipoma presentation and management

A

Mobile, rubbery, non-tender mass

Ultrasound if more than 6cm

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51
Q

Can iron deficiency anaemia cause puritis

A

Yes

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52
Q

Where are keloid scars most common?

A

Sternum

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53
Q

Raised well defined rash with sharp borders on the legs of a diabetic
What is it and what is the causative organism

A

Erysipelas

Strep pyrogens

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54
Q

6 causes of acanthosis nigricans

A 
T2DM
PCOS
Obesity
GI adenocarcinoma / pancreatic cancer
Cushings
Acromegaly
55
Q

Acne rosacea vs vulgaris

A

Vulgaris: comedomes (blackheads)
Rosacea: just red

56
Q

Trigger for pityriasis rosea

A

Viral infection

57
Q

Trigger for acne rosacea

A

Sun exposure, hot drinks, exercise

58
Q

Acne management

A

Single topical therapy (retinoid, benzoyl peroxide)
Topical combination therapy (add an ABx)
Oral ABx (tetracycline, erythromycin in pregnancy) or COCP
Oral isotretinoin

59
Q

Skin disorder associated with coeliac

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

60
Q

Management of venous ulceration

A

Compression bandaging

61
Q

Treatment of impetigo

A

Topical Hydrogen Peroxide
Topical Fusidic Acid
Oral flucloxacillin

62
Q

What is pityriasis rosea

A

Self-limiting rash in young adults that lasts 6-12 weeks

Herald patch followed by smaller lesions elsewhere

63
Q

Treatment of facial hair in PCOS

A

Topical eflornithine

64
Q

Differentiate between pyogenic granuloma and amelanotic melanoma

A 
Granuloma = hx of trauma
Melanona = grows slowly under the foot or nail,
65
Q

Treatment of guttae psoriasis

A

Reassurance and topical treatment if sx

66
Q

What do antivirals in shingles aim to reduce?

A

Post-herpetic neuralgia

67
Q

3 treatments for athletes foot

A

topical imidazole, undecenoate, or terbinafine first-line

68
Q

causative organism for pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis

A

Malassezia furfur

69
Q

Vasculitis with upper limb claudication and absent pulses

A

Takaysau’s arteritis

70
Q

Vasculitis with lower limb claudication and corkscrew shaped vessels in young male smokers

A

Buergers disease

71
Q

Vasculitis with headache and blurred vision with pain when combing hair

A

Giant cell vasculitis

72
Q

Rapidly worsening painful eczema - what is it and how is it treated?

A

Eczema herperticum

Admission for IV antivirals

73
Q

Side effect of topical steroids in patients with darker skin

A

Patchy depigmentation of skin

74
Q

Autoimmune blistering skin disorder causing itchy vesicular skin lesions on extensor surfaces

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

75
Q

Newborn with tiny white papules on the nose

A

Milia

76
Q

pink-coloured, vascular skin lesion over the nape of a baby’s neck, which blanches on pressure

A

Salmon patch

darker would be a port wine stain

77
Q

What is pellagra and what can it be caused by?

A

Lack of vitamin B3
Dermatitis, Diarrhoea, Dementia

Isoniazid can cause it

78
Q

Side effect of ketocanazole

A

Gynecomastia

79
Q

erythema ab igne rash

A

overexposure to heat e.g. sitting next to a fire or using a hot water bottle

80
Q

Presentation of erythema multiforme

A

Giant non-itchy target lesions with three colours

81
Q

What is pityriasis versicolor

A

Patches of skin discolouration on the trunk, flaky and itchy precipitated by hot weather
overgrowth of yeast

82
Q

Extensive blistering and necrotic skin rash affecting the whole body and mucus membranes

A

Toxic Epidermal necrolysis

Severe end of the sprctrum of erythema multiforme –> steven johnson syndrome

83
Q

Causes of Toxic epidermal necrolysis

A 
phenytoin
sulphonamides
allopurinol
penicillins
carbamazepine
NSAIDs
84
Q

4 treatments for vitiligo

A

Sun block
Topical tacrolimus
Phototherapy
Topical corticosteroids

85
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum associations, features and treatment

A

Associated with IBD, RA, myeloproliferative disorders
Deep painful ulcer that grows and looks like a pizza
Treated with steroids

86
Q

Pearly edge

A

BCC

87
Q

Single most important prognostic factor in melanoma

A

Depth of the lesion

88
Q

Do healthcare workers need to be vaccinated against varicella zoster

A

Healthcare workers who aren’t naturally immune to varicella should be vaccinated

89
Q

Hepatitis vaccinations

A

Hepatitis A and B

90
Q

Management of superficial dermal burns covering more than 3% of the body

A

Refer to secondary care

91
Q

Pruritic blistering lesions in pregnancy

A

Pemphigoid gestationis

92
Q

Investigation for skin ulcers

A

Ankle-brachial pressure index

93
Q

Investigation for skin ulcers

A

Ankle-brachial pressure index

94
Q

What is the gold standard approach in managing morphoeic BCC

A

Mohs microgaphic surger

95
Q

Melanoma in areas not associated with sun exposure (palms and soles)

A

Acral lentiginous melanoma

96
Q

Scarring in acne

A

Referral for oral isotrenitoin

97
Q

Management of lichen sclerosus

A

Topical clobetasol propionate

98
Q

Where do venous ulcers usually occur?

A

Around the medial malleolus

99
Q

Rash with pain

A

Shingles

100
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

Solitary firm papule/nodule that dimples on pinching

101
Q

Common secondary malignancy after renal cell carcinoma

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

102
Q

Treatment of verruca

A

Salicyclic acid

103
Q

Treatment of actinic keratosis

A

Flurouracil cream

Topical Diclofenac

104
Q

Treatment of headlice

A

Malathion

105
Q

treatment of patients with moderate-severe hirsutism

A

Co-cyprindiol

106
Q

Complications of toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

Volume loss and electrolyte derangemetn

107
Q

What is the koebner phenomenon

A

Formation of new skin lesions at the site of skin injury

Common in psoriasis

108
Q

3 associations with ulcerative colitis

A

large-joint arthritis, sacroilitis and pyoderma gangrenosum

109
Q

First line for scalp psoriasis

A

Topical potent corticosteroid e.g. betamethasone

110
Q

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is usually painful.

A
111
Q

Small crusty or scaly lesions on sun-exposed areas

A

Actinic keratoses

Premalignant

112
Q

Medication which causes spider naevi

A

COCP

113
Q

What skin lesion can TB cause

A

Erythema nodosum

114
Q
A

Lichen
planus: purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on flexor surfaces. Wickham’s striae over surface. Oral involvement common

115
Q

Treatment of bullous pemphigoif

A

Oral corticosteroids

116
Q

What is Wallace’s Rule fo Nine

A

Each of the following is 9% of the body when calculating surface area % if a burn:
Head + neck, each arm, each anterior part of leg, each posterior part of leg, anterior chest, posterior chest, anterior abdomen, posterior abdomen

117
Q

Lichen sclerosis in males

A

uncircumcised man, who has developed a tight white ring around the tip of the foreskin and phimosis

118
Q

Impetigo back to school

A

Patients may return to school or work when they are no longer contagious which is when all lesions have crusted over or 48h after treatment starts

119
Q

Vililigo and alopecia areata association?

A

Yes

120
Q

tender, erythematous nodules over her forearms with high calcium

A

Erythema nodosum - likely sarcoidosis (get a cxr)

121
Q

Endocrinological cause of acne vulgaris

A

COCP

122
Q

Cause of haematemesis in a burn victim

A

Curlings ulcers

123
Q

2 features of a sebaceous cyst

A

Located in the scalp

Associated central punctu,

124
Q

Complication of electrical burns causing hyperkalaemia and high CK

A

Rhabdomyolysis

125
Q

Post burn parasthesia and severe pain in the lower leg

A

Compartment syndrome

126
Q

Most invasive melanoma which metastasises early

A

Nodular

127
Q

Cause of ringworn

A

Fungus

128
Q

Cause of fine layer of soft hair over an adolescent girl

A

Malnutrition - lanugo hair

129
Q

Treatment of scabies

A

Everyone in the family needs two applications of permethrin one week apart

130
Q

ABx to treat erythrasma

A

Erythromycin

131
Q

What dermatitis is parkinsons disease associated with

A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

132
Q

Formula to calculate IV fluid for burns

A

Parkland formula

133
Q

What does psoriasis increase the risk of?

A

CVD

Medicine Year 4 (13 decks)

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