What did research show about rats who are stressed in early life?
They show increased activity in the right hemisphere when killing mice
What did severing the corpus callosum in rats lead to?
An increase in mice killing
What does the research on rats suggest?
The left hemisphere must have some role in controlling violent behaviour
What are the problems with linking the rat research to human brain dysfunction in murderers?
- extrapolating/generalising findings (rats aren’t humans)
* rats aren’t murdering - they kill instinctively
What did early research into brain dysfunction and violence in humans use?
- case studies of people with brain damage
- accidents - e.g phineas gage
- split brain patients
What is a split brain patient?
A patient who had had their corpus callosum severed, often as part of an operation designed to cure epilepsy
What do split brain patients show?
- Poor emotional expression
* Inability to grasp long term implications of a situation
Why might the effects of the split brain operation be linked to violence?
Split brain patients can’t control their emotions (anger) and don’t understand the consequences of violence
Other than the corpus callosum, what areas of the brain are linked to violence?
- temporal lobe
- frontal lobe
- the brain is also highly integrated so other areas can be involved
How have modern brain scanning techniques helped researchers in studying violent offenders?
Functional scans show brain activity in high levels of detail, so it is easier to study brain functioning amongst violent offenders
What has long been suspected about brain dysfunction?
Brain dysfunction can predispose someone to violent behaviour
What did research show about rats who are stressed in early life?
They show increased activity in the right hemisphere when killing mice
What did severing the corpus callosum in rats lead to?
An increase in mice killing
What does the research on rats suggest?
The left hemisphere must have some role in controlling violent behaviour
What are the problems with linking the rat research to human brain dysfunction in murderers?
- extrapolating/generalising findings (rats aren’t humans)
* rats aren’t murdering - they kill instinctively
What did early research into brain dysfunction and violence in humans use?
- case studies of people with brain damage
- accidents - e.g phineas gage
- split brain patients
What is a split brain patient?
A patient who had had their corpus callosum severed, often as part of an operation designed to cure epilepsy
What do split brain patients show?
- Poor emotional expression
* Inability to grasp long term implications of a situation
Why might the effects of the split brain operation be linked to violence?
Split brain patients can’t control their emotions (anger) and don’t understand the consequences of violence
Other than the corpus callosum, what areas of the brain are linked to violence?
- temporal lobe
- frontal lobe
- the brain is also highly integrated so other areas can be involved
How have modern brain scanning techniques helped researchers in studying violent offenders?
Functional scans show brain activity in high levels of detail, so it is easier to study brain functioning amongst violent offenders
What has long been suspected about brain dysfunction?
Brain dysfunction can predispose someone to violent behaviour
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Exam Terms15
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Chapter 1: Biological Approach Assumptions15
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1.1.1 Localisation of Brain Function (Bi) x25
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1.1.1 Neurotransmitters (Bi) x29
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1.1.1 Evolutionary influences (Bi) x11
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1.1.1 Biological explanation for relationship formation14
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1.1.2 Psychosurgery11
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1.1.2 Psychosurgery evaluation11
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1.1.3 Strengths & Weaknesses (Biological Approach)22
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1.1.4 Classic Research (Bi)22
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1.1.4 Raine Et Al Study (Bi)58
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1.1.4 Evaluation Of Raine Study15
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1.1.5 Biological Debate54
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1.2.1 Tripartite Personality (PD)21
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1.2.1 The Unconcious Mind (PD)26
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1.2.1 Childhood Experiences (PD)34
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1.2.1 Psychodynamic explanation for relationship formation16
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1.2.2 applications of assumptions Dream Analysis (PD)15
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1.2.2 Dreams As Wish Fullfillment (PD)8
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1.2.2 Symbolic Nature Of Dreams (PD)8
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1.2.2 Dreamwork & The Therapist (PD)16
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1.2.2 Ethics Of dream Analysis (Ps)13
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1.2.2 Effectiveness Of Dream Analysis (Ps)12
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1.2.3 strengths and weaknesses (psychodynamic approach)23
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1.2.4 Bowlby Methodology And Procedure (PD)26
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1.2.4 Bowlby Findings And Conclusions (PD)29
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1.2.4 Bowlby Evaluation14
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1.2.5 debate - mother as the primary care giver for and against47
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1.2.5 debate - mother as the primary care giver evaluation14
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1.2.5 debate - mother as the primary care giver conclusion5
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1.2.6 Compare & Contrast Psychodynamic19
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1.3.1 The Behaviourist Approach (Be)10
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1.3.1 Blank Slate Assumption (Be)11
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1.3.1 Conditioning Assumption (Be)44
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1.3.1 Learning Assumption (Be)10
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1.3.1 Behaviourist explanation for relationship formation8
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1.3.2 application of behaviourist approach to aversion therapy6
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1.3.2 Main components of Aversion therapy6
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1.3.2 Evaluation of aversion therapy14
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1.3.3 Strengths And Weaknesses Of behaviourist Approach (Be)24
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1.3.4 Classical Research - Little Albert43
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1.3.4 Evaluation Of Little Albert25
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1.3.4 Ethics & Social Of Little Albert21
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1.3.5 Conditioning Techniques To Control Children61
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1.3.6 Compare & Contrast Behaviourist19
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1.4.1 Internal Mental Processes (Co)14
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1.4.1 Computer Analogy (Co)17
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1.4.1 Schemas (Co)15
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1.4.1 Cognitive explanation for relationship formation9
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1.4.2 apply Cognitive approach to CBT8
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1.4.2 Main components of CBT14
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1.4.2 CBT effectivness evaluation13
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1.4.2 CBT ethics evaluation9
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1.4.3 strengths & weaknesses cognitive (Co)29
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1.4.4 - Classic Research Loftus & palmer (Co)51
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1.4.4 Evaluation Of Loftus And Palmer Study (co)26
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1.4.5 Cognitive Debate - Reliability Of EWT82
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1.4.6 Compare & Contrast Cognitive20
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1.5.1 Acknowledgement Of Free Will (Po)9
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1.5.1 Authenticity Of Goodness And Excellence (Ps)11
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1.5.1 The Good Life (Po)11
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1.5.2 Effectiveness Of Mindfulness (Po)13
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1.5.2 Ethics Of Mindfulness (Po)17
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1.5.2 Mindfulness - Application of Assumptions (Po)10
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1.5.2 Mindfulness (Po)25
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1.5.3 Strengths & Weaknesses Positive29
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1.5.4 Who Is Happy?60
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1.5.4 Evaluation Of Who Is Happy26
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1.5.4 Ethical & Social Myers & Deiner10
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1.5.5 The relevance of positive psychology53
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1.5.5 Relevance of positive psychology evaluation11
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1.5.6 Compare & Contrast Positive18
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2.1.1 Experimental Methodologies (RM)11
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2.1.1 Research terminology36
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2.2.1 Observations (non experimental)18
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2.2.2 self report methods (non experimental)24
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2.2.3 Analyses (content, correlational) (Non experimental)16
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2.2.4 Studies (non experimental)13
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2.2.5 Brain scans (non experimental)6
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2.3.1 Participants & Probability sampling20
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2.3.2 Non probability sampling15
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2.3.3 Experimental designs31
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2.4.1 Ethics43
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2.4.2 Dealing with ethical issues and humans19
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2.4.3 ethical issues and non human animals10
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2.4.4 Reliability and Validity38
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2.5.1 levels of measurement16
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2.5.2 Descriptive statistics16
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2.6.2 Social psychology & Milgram37
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2.6.2 Developmental Psychology & Kohlberg37
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2.6.2 Kohlberg Evaluation28
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3.1.1 Characteristics of Addiction28
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3.1.1 Issues when studying addiction9
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3.1.2 Dopamine & addicton28
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3.1.2 Evaluating dopamine & addiction18
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3.1.2 Genetics & Addiction27
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3.1.2 Evaluating Genes & Addiction24
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3.1.2 Evaluating dopamine & genetic explanations10
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3.1.3 Personality and Addiction20
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3.1.3 Evaluation of personality & addiction26
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3.1.3 Cognitive Biases (Add)23
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3.1.3 Cognitive biases evaluation (Add)15
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3.1.4 Media & Addiction25
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3.1.4 Peer influences (Add)22
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3.1.4 Media & Addiction evaluation22
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3.1.4 Peer influences evaluation (Add)28
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3.1.5 Agonist & Antagonist substitution (Add)27
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3.1.5 Agonist & Antagonist Evaluation (Add)48
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3.1.5 Aversion Therapy (Add)16
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3.1.5 Aversion Therapy Evaluation (Add)32
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3.2.1 Characteristics of schizophrenia28
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3.2.1 issues in investigating schizophrenia16
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3.2.2 Dopamine Explanation (Sch)28
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3.2.2 Dopamine Hypothesis Evaluation (Sch)40
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3.2.2 Structural Abnormalities (Sch)16
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3.2.2 Structural Abnormalities Evaluation (Sch)14
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3.2.3 Psychodynamic explanation of schizophrenia21
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3.2.3 Psychodynamic Evaluation (Sch)37
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3.2.3 Cognitive Explanations Of Schizophrenia42
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3.2.3 Cognitive Evaluation (Sch)32
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3.2.4 Sociocultural Factors (Sch)37
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3.2.4 Dysfunctional Families exp. (Sch)25
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3.2.4 Sociocultural Evaluation (Sch)36
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3.2.4 Dysfunctional Families Evaluation (Sch)32
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3.2.5 CBT components22
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3.2.5 CBT evaluation effectivness18
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3.2.5 CBT evaluation ethical implications13
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3.2.5 CBT evaluation social implications9
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3.3.2 Cortisol & chronic stress18
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3.3.3 Type A & B Personalities (Str)27
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3.3.3 Hardiness Evaluation (Str)33
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3.3.4 Life Events (Str)31
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3.3.4 Life Events Evaluation (Str)34
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3.3.4 Daily Hassles (Str)30
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3.4.1 Psychology Is A Science (Con)42
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3.4.1 Psychology Isn't A Science (Con)32
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3.4.3 Culture Bias (Con)50
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3.2.1 diagnosing schizophrenia3
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friday test7
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3.5.1 Characteristics of criminal behaviour16
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3.5.1 characteristics of crime19
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3.5.2 genetics (bio)4
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3.5.2 genetics evaluation (bio)12
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3.5.2 Role of amygdala (bio)6
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3.5.2 Role of the amygdala evaluation (bio)5
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3.5.3 Eysenck criminal personality (individ dif)8
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3.5.3 Eysenck's criminal personality evaluation (individ difs)7
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3.5.3 Affection-less psychopath (imdivid diffs)6
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3.5.3 affectionless psychopath evaluation (individ diffs)5
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3.5.4 Differential association theory (social psych)9
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3.5.4 differential association theory evaluation (social psych)11
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3.5.4 gender socialisation (social psych)8
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3.5.4 gender socialisation evaluation (social psych`)15
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3.5.5 alternative explanations of criminal behaviour4
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3.5.6 Methods of modifying criminal behaviour - restorative justice22
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3.5.6 Methods of Modifying Criminal Behaviour - restorative justice evaluation7
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3.5.6 Method of Modification: Anger management20
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3.5.6 Method of Modification: Anger management evaluation14
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3.5.6 Applying the explanations to methods of modifying criminal behaviour9
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Psychology Researchers36
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2 deliberately misleading or falsely informing PPS about the nature of research.22
