11.4 Interlocking spurs and rapids

Question 1

Where are rapids found

Answer 1

Found where there is a steep gradient and bands of soft (less resistant) and hard (more resistant) rock. The flow of water over the bands creates turbulence (white water) because soft rock erodes more quickly

Question 2

How are interlocking spurs formed

Answer 2

• In the upper course there is more vertical erosion, the river cuts down into the valley
• If there are areas of hard rock which are harder to erode, the river will bend around it. This creates interlocking spurs of land which link together like the teeth of a zip