B4 organising animals

Question 1

haemoglobin

Answer 1

red pigment in red blood cells that binds to oxygen

Question 2

plasma

Answer 2

transports blood cells and other substances
waste co2 from cells carried to lungs
urea from liver carried to kidney -removed from blood to urine
soluble products of digestion small intestine -> plasma

Question 3

white blood cells

Answer 3

some form antibodies against pathogens
form antitoxins
engulf and ingest invading bacteria and viruses

Question 4

platelets

Answer 4

clot at sites of wounds
stop bleeding out
and bacteria entering body through wound

Question 5

artery

Answer 5

small lumen
thick walls
thick layer of muscle and fibres
carry blood away from heart to organs

Question 6

vein

Answer 6

relatively thin walls
large lumen
often have valves- prevent backflow
carry blood from organs to heart

Question 7

capillaries

Answer 7

walls a single cell thick
tiny vessel with narrow lumen
short diffusion pathway into/ out of blood

Question 8

double circulatory system

Answer 8

one system carries blood from heart to lungs and back
other carries blood from heart to organs
efficient, receive blood more quickly

Question 9

atria

Answer 9

where blood enters the heart
top chambers
contract together to force blood into ventricles

Question 10

vena cava

Answer 10

right atrium

deoxygenated blood from your body

Question 11

pulmonary vein

Answer 11

left atrium

oxygenated blood from lungs

Question 12

pulmonary artery

Answer 12

deoxygenated blood comes from right ventricle

Question 13

aorta

Answer 13

artery

left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body here

Question 14

ventilating in the lungs

Answer 14

contraction and relaxation of intercostal muscles between ribs and diaphragm

Question 15

alveoli adaptations for gas exchange

Answer 15

rich supply of capillaries
large surface area - in clusters
short diffusion pathway- one cell thick
steep concentration gradient- blood is low in oxygen, high co2, compared to air in alveoli