Monoclonal antibodies

Question 1

definition

Answer 1

antibodies from a single cell

Question 2

antibodies

Answer 2

small proteins produced by B-Lymphocytes ( WBCs)
help fight disease
bind to antigens
specifically shaped to bind properly to bacteria

Question 3

process

Answer 3

animal injected with antigen we want antibody to bind to ( easily isolate b cells)
B- lymphocytes combined with tumour cells
makes a hybridoma
produces lots of antibodies, and divides rapidly
left to divide, lots of hybridomas produced
identical antigens collected and purified

Question 4

positives of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 4

always bind to one specific thing
- marks foreign material for destruction by immune system
the right b lymph can create antibodies that bind to anything we choose
can attach things to bottom of antibody (eg, drugs/ radioactive material)

Question 5

pregnancy test contain s

Answer 5

where you urinate: has blue beads fixed to antibodies specific to HCG
-free to move around
contains monoclonal antibodies specific to HCG
- bind with HCG if they come into contact with it
- fixed to test strip

Question 6

how test works

Answer 6

if not pregnant: urine will wash non fixed bead down test strip
- won’t bind as it doesnt contain HCG
- so nothing happens
if pregnant: HCG will bind to anitbodies on blue beads
- will flow down test strip
-HCG binds to fixed antibodies
- beads get stuck in place
- causes strip to appear blue - positive test result