William, Mary and Anne - 1688 - 1715

Question 1

William of Orange

Answer 1

Husband of James daughter Mary
needed England in alliance against France
June 1688 Immortal 7 wrote to him to invade England and have free parliament

Question 2

Assembly of Peers

Answer 2

organised to run country after James
24th invites William to take over Government
29th December election plans made

Question 3

Williams takeover

Answer 3

Dutch army remained till 1690 and took James army

Jan 1689 Convention parliament met mostly Whigs to discuss and justify James removal

Question 4

Williams Terms

Answer 4

return to Holland if not King
Mary to share title (monarch without power)
If Mary died Anne would be successor before any future William kids
Commons agreed Feb 1689

Question 5

Declaration of Rights

Answer 5

13th of Feb - Crown formally offered

Coronation in April 11th- different Oath showing change

Question 6

Mutiny act

Toleration Act

Answer 6

Parts of Declaration of Rights
Mutiny - March 1689 Army creation needed parliament
Toleration - May 1689 exempted dissenters punishment if swore oath of allegiance

Question 7

Bill of Rights

Answer 7

1690 - watered down Declaration
Created constitutional Monarchy
Frequent parliament
free elections
no Catholic Monarch 
limited Monarch powers

Question 8

Financial settlement

Answer 8

March 1690 £1.2 million a year for crown, Half war half civil government
Crown immediately in debt
1693 Million Loan act and BoE set up 1694 allowed William to fight France and political nation to control William through finance

Question 9

Country party v Court faction

Answer 9

early C17 no parties, divides seen as negative
country - formed in belief court was pro Catholic
Court - formed by Danby, group to support King and court

Question 10

Tories v Whigs

Answer 10

during exclusion crisis, Country/court formed into Whigs and Tories
Earl of Shaftesbury first whig leader
Whigs opposed Catholic succession
Tories supported James due to Divine Right of Kings

Question 11

Reaction to Glorious Revolution

Answer 11

Whigs liked protestant King

Tories justified it through abdication

Question 12

9 year war

Answer 12

1688 - 1697 aligned Whigs/Tories to control Monarch spending

Royal officers called to account public spending, Tories saw this as an attack on royal prerogative

Question 13

Junto

Answer 13

1695 - 1701 politics determined by Group of whigs called Junto

Question 14

Plot to assassinate William

Answer 14

Tories became suspicious of Crown spending in Dutch war
Tories ‘land bank’ tried to undermine BoE
Plot allowed whigs to flush opposistion
Oath of Loyalty - 19 Tories and 90 MPs refused
Association Oath purged Tories in local offices and replace with whigs

Question 15

Government under William

Answer 15

Parliament becomes permanent

parliament has met every year since 1689

Question 16

Cabinet Government

Answer 16

Power of government lay in small group

william focus on war and suspension of Habeas Corpus seen as threatening

Question 17

Principle of Appropriation

Answer 17

1690 gave parliament purpose for money

1694 Triennial act passed

Question 18

William and Mary Death

Answer 18

Mary 1694

William 1702

Question 19

Act of Settlement

Answer 19

1701 - Ensure Protestant house of Hanover succeed if Anne had no Heirs
57 Catholic Heirs excluded 
Monarch to conform Church of England
Government managed by Privy council
Crown couldnt remove judges

Question 20

Security act

Answer 20

1703 - Scottish parliament said Anne’s successor should be Scottish
refused to raise taxes and threatened Military withdrawal

Question 21

Alien Act

Answer 21

1705 - threatens to cut trade and free movement unless security act is repealed

Question 22

Act of Union

Answer 22

1707 - Scotland / England make Great Britain

1st May both parliament combine

Question 23

Politics under Anne

Answer 23

Favoured Tories
Tories in Power 1710
last monarch to use Royal prerogative by denying Scottish Militia Bill 1708

Question 24

Developments and Events under Anne

Answer 24

Battle of Blenheim strengthen position
2 party political system
Golden age with literature and science