Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

chromosome

A

a long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information; 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans

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2
Q

meiosis

A

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm)

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3
Q

genetic variation

A

differences in physical traits of an individual from the group in which it belongs; genetic variation is enhanced by sexual reproduction

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4
Q

trait

A

characteristic that is inherited; eye color or hair color are traits inherited from parents

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5
Q

gene

A

specific region of DNA that codes for a particiular protein; part of DNA that controls inherited traits

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6
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms

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7
Q

protein synthesis

A

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA; allows cells to build proteins

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8
Q

gene expression

A

the manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits; information in genes

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9
Q

gametes

A

sex cells; have half the chromosomes of body cells

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10
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

chromosomes that share: The same structural features (e.g. same size, same banding patterns

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11
Q

chromatids

A

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division.

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12
Q

crossing over

A

the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

haploid

A

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

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14
Q

diploid

A

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

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