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Civil Rights > African American Civil Rights > Flashcards

African American Civil Rights Flashcards

1
Q

13th Amendment

A

1865

- outlawed slavery and established Freedmans Bureau

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2
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

1865
- provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African Americans.

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3
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

1865
used intimidation, violence, and murder to maintain white supremacy in Southern government and social life. It disappeared in the 1870s, but formed again in 1915 and has continued to the present day.

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4
Q

Civil Rights Act 1866

A

1866 passed
- gave AA citizens full and equal benefits of the law (de jure)

1875
- the Civil Rights Act affirmed the “equality of all men before the law” and prohibited racial discrimination in public places and facilities such as restaurants and public transportation.

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5
Q

Black Codes

A

1866

  • Andrew Johnson
  • Black Codes restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces.
  • A central element of the Black Codes were vagrancy laws. States criminalized men who were out of work, or who were not working at a job whites recognized.
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6
Q

First Reconstruction Act

A

1867

- divides the states into military districts and enforced states to adopt constitutions including black suffrage

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7
Q

14th Amendment

A

1968

- Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause.

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8
Q

President Grant

A

1968

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9
Q

15th Amendment

A

1870

- gave AA the right to vote (de jure)

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10
Q

First Enforcement Act

A

1870

- banned discrimination based on race, colour or previous condition of servitutude

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11
Q

Second Enforcement Act

A

1871

  • overturned state laws that prevented AA from voting
  • provided federal supervision of elections
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12
Q

Hiram Revels

A

1871

- First AA elected to the senate

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13
Q

Blanche K Bruce

A

1875

- second black elected to the senate

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14
Q

Slaughterhouse decision

A

1873
- SC rued to uphold the power of states

  • impact on AA was negative as this led to the introduction of segregation laws and laws that prevented them from suffrage and property ownership
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15
Q

Hayes-Tilden Compromise

A

1877

  • Hayes won the presidency without the popular vote
  • to increase his popularity he ended military surveillance in southern states
  • He allowed border states to make their own laws

Impact - Removal of troops meant there was no one to enforce AA CR de facto
- state laws meant that AA were discriminated against and segregation came in through Jim Crow laws

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16
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

1881
- Tennesse passed the first of the Jim Crow Laws

  • they were laws enforcing segregation
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17
Q

Tuskegee Institute

A

1881

  • founded by Booker T Washington
  • focused on the education of AA
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18
Q

When was the 1875 CRA declared unconstitutional

A

1883

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19
Q

Knights of the White Camellia

A

1887

  • high membership
  • deep south
  • effective methods
  • tended not to use violence
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20
Q

Mississippi Poll Tax

A

1890

- to prevent de facto AA voting

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21
Q

Anti-Lynching campaign

A

1892

- Ida B Wells

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22
Q

Plessy v Ferguson

A

1896

- Ruled - separate but equal

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23
Q

Atlanta Compromise

A

1895

  • speech by BT Washington
  • AA should focus economic advancement rather than political change
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24
Q

Mississippi v Williams

A

1898

  • Ruled that Poll Taxes weren’t unconstitutional
  • as they did not deliberately exclude AA
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25
Q

Cummings v Board of Education

A

1898

- separate but equal applied to schools

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26
Q

Niagra Movement

A

1905

  • Du Bois founded the movement
  • the aim was to gain full equality
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27
Q

Great Migration

A

1910-20

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28
Q

National Urban League

A

1911

  • founded with the purpose of eliminating racial segregation in urban areas
  • improvement of industrial conditions for AA
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29
Q

Wilson’s Government

A

1910

  • Wilson Government is segreagated
  • Du Bois ciritisizes it
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30
Q

Guinn v US

A

1915

- grandfather clauses ruled unconstitutional

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31
Q

How many parallel businesses were there by 1915 and why?

A
  • 30,000 parallel businesses
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32
Q

Universal Negro Association

A

1916

  • Garvey
  • aimed to move AA back to Africa
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33
Q

1917 Violence towards AA?

A

40 AA killed in St Loius - wartime industry, due to race hatred

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34
Q

Red Summer

A

1919

- riots

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35
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

The 1920s

- black jazz

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36
Q

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

A

1925

- Philip Randolph

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37
Q

How many members and when was the height of KKK membership?

A

1924

- 5 million members

38
Q

How many AA were out of work during the great depression?

A

1929

- 50% unemployment rate

39
Q

Scottsboro Case

A

1931

  • 9 black boys falsely accused of raping two
  • leading to outrage across the nation from blacks and whites
40
Q

Gaines v Canada

A

1933

- ruled that separate but equal must really be equal

41
Q

Black Court of African American Advisors

A

1933

42
Q

National Industry Recovery Act

A

1933

- codes to agree production wages

43
Q

Wagner Act

A

1935

- set minimum

44
Q

Wagner Act

A

1935

  • set minimum wage and maximum hour limit
  • Trade unions were legalized
45
Q

New Deal impact on African Americans

A

1933

  • 30% of AA on ND relief program
  • provided 1 million AA with jobs
46
Q

Eleanor Roosevelt

A

1939
- Mariam Anderson was banned from singing at the hall of the Daughters of the American Revolution - Eleanor Roosevelt protests this and gets Anderson a slot to sing at the Lincoln Memorial

47
Q

Fair Employment Practises Commission

A

1941

- FDR issued an executive order banning discrimination

48
Q

Detroit Race Riots

A

1943

- 25 AA killed 9 whites

49
Q

Alabama Walkout

A

1943

- white workers walked out after an AA colleague was promoted

50
Q

Truman and AA

A

1948

- ends segregation in the military

51
Q

Brown v Board of Education

A

1953

- Ruled that schools segregation was unconstitutional

52
Q

When was Brown v Board of Education Enforced?

A

1955

- court published implementation guides for school desegregation

53
Q

White Citizens Council

A

1955

- formed to oppose Brown v B of E

54
Q

Rosa Parks

what are the links across the period?

A

1955
- inspires Montgomery Bus Boycott

Link - segregation of transport begins in 1881 with Tennesse, shows continuity

55
Q

Emett Till

A

1955

  • media attention
  • cases outrage
  • sympathy for AA
56
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Comittee

A

1957

  • MLK
  • peaceful protest
57
Q

Little Rock Nine

A

1957

  • 9 black kids
  • Eisenhower sends in military troops to allow them to attend school
58
Q

Browder v Gayle

A

1956

- Rules bus segregation unconstituational

59
Q

Kennedy

A

1961- 63

60
Q

Boynton v Virginia

A

1960

- Interstate transport must be desegregated

61
Q

March on Washington

A

1963

  • MLK
  • Lincoln Memorial
  • “I have a dream”
  • 200,000
62
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

1964

  • LBJ
  • outlawed segregation
63
Q

Voting Rights Act

A

1965

- made it illegal to limit the amount of people able to vote

64
Q

Black Panther Party

A

1966

- founded and made 10 point program

65
Q

Loving v Virgina

A

1967

- Ruled that state laws forbidding segregation were unconstitutional

66
Q

When was Thurgood Marshall appointed to the Supreme Court?

A

1967

67
Q

Kerner Commission

A

1968

- Created to investigate race riots and there causes

68
Q

MLK Assassinated

A

1968

69
Q

Fair Housing Act

A

1968
- stated that it was unlawful to discriminate against the sale or rental of Housing

  • de facto segregation remained because of economic gap between blacks and whites
70
Q

Swann v Charlotte

A

1971

- Implemented school desegregation

71
Q

Griggs v Duke

A

1971

- Ruled that the intelligence test was unconstitutional due to education disadvantages AA were subject to in the past

72
Q

Jesse Jackson

A

1971

- first black presidential candidate

73
Q

Equal Emplyment Opportunity Act

A

1972

74
Q

Miliken v Bradley

A

1974

- limits bussing

75
Q

Reagan

A

1978

- ends Affirmative Action and cuts funding for AA

76
Q

Bakke Decision

A

1978

  • reverse discrimination
  • implemented because whites gaining higher test scores were being discrimanted against
  • invalidtes racial qoutas
77
Q

Springfield Riots

A

1908

  • police refused to hand over black man
  • whites retaliated by burning black homes and businesses
78
Q

Boo Weevil

A

1892

- further reduced crop yield, therfore AA oay reduce

79
Q

Smiths v Allright

A

1944

- overturned Texas law that had authorised parties to set their own internal rules

80
Q

Grove City v Bell

A

1984

- organizations had to comply with all civil rights before any federal funds were given

81
Q

Green v Connaly

A

1970

- federal fuding would be witheld from segregated instituations

82
Q

How black elected officials were there by 1990 in Georgia

A

495

83
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

1991

- made it easier for employees to sue there employers for discrimination

84
Q

President Clinton

A

1992

  • AA appointed to high profile jobs
  • 14% of his administration was AA
85
Q

When was Malcolm X assassinated?

A

1965

86
Q

How many African Americans voted in the 1870s?

A
  • 500,000 AA men voted
  • 2000 AA elected to Public office
  • demonstrates that AA did value there new political rights and therefore shows how much of an encroachment preventing them through poll taxes was
87
Q

What was and when was the Rodney King case?

A

1991

  • caught driving under the influence
  • he resisted arrest and was subjected to police brutality
  • it was filmed and saw an international viewing

1992 an all white jury acquitted the policeman
- protests followed

88
Q

Marquette Park

A

1966

  • marched for better housing, education, and employment segregation
  • MLK
  • Chicago
89
Q

Watt Riots

A

1965

  • fed up with police brutality, discrimination, and poverty
  • AA in the North saw Malcolm X as a role model
90
Q

Detroit Riot

A

1967

  • protest housing and education segregation
  • police brutality occurred
  • led to LBJ setting up the Kerner Commission to investigate racism in the north

Civil Rights (3 decks)

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