Clinical Chiro Theory Flashcards
how can you define chiropractic?
- doctors of chiropractic are health care professionals for the diagnosis care and prevention of disorders of the spine- as well as other parts of the musculoskeletal system
what is the focus of chiropractic?
the focus of chiropractic is on maintaining proper spinal function and its relationship with the neurological system
what do disorders to the musculoskeletal system include?
they include injuries and disorders of muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage and spinal disks
what is the basis of chiropractic
chiropractic is based on the premise that the NS functions to control and coordinates all organs and structures of the body, and relates the individual to one’s environment
what is our foundation?
because of the close relationship between the spine and the nervous system- abnormal or dysfunctional spinal movement can adversely impact nerve function- affecting the communication between the brain and the body
what is a subluxation?
a technical term for spinal joint dysfunction is vertebral subluxation or vertebral subluxation complex, vertebral subluxation is a condition of disturbed joint function
what is the function of the chiropractic examination?
it identifies dysfunctional joints whether they are painful or not, joints can have disturbed biomechanics without pain or other symptoms, disturbed biomechanics can- reduce optimal joint performance, alter load distribution, increase risk of injury, accelerate joint degeneration, without pain or other symptoms
what is the function of the adjustment?
the adjustments specifically applied to joints can restore, motion when the body’s own muscles cannot. Adjustments help relieve pain, as well as restore and maintain normal movement, biomechanics and function
what is meant by function?
function means the ability to perform activities of daily living- function includes range of motion flexibility, stability, strength and coordination
what are chiropractic services mainly used for?
- neuro musculoskeletal complaints, including but not limited to back pain, neck pain, pain in the joints of the arms or legs and headaches
what is the primary reason people seek out chiropractors?
- for musculoskeletal conditions including wellness care
back pain 60%
neck shoulder or extremities 20%
headaches including migrain 10%
10% present with wide variety of condition,
who was the founder of chiropractic?
when did chiropractic arise in the US?
what did DD palmer include in his theory of chiropractic?
- 95% of all disease can be attributed to what?
-DD Palmer-
-chiropractic arose in the US during the 1800’s and linked health care to a philosophical base in which god ruled the universe through natural laws
- included in chiropractic theory is the healing power of nature- key principle in palmers formulation which embodies the religious plank of the foundation of chiropractic
misaligned vertebrae which impaired the flow of II within the body while palmer the young BJ was of the opinion that 100% of all the disease was caused by vertebral misalignment later known as subluxation.
explain the intelligent response of the organism paradigm?
what established the foundation of the chiropractic profession?
- the paradigm- the organism intelligently responds to stressors from the environment through self-organization, self-healing, and optimal function. Function may be interfered with when nerves get impinged upon especially at the spinal joints. When this happens the nervous system functions abnormally due to too much activity or decreased activity. This change in bio mechanical structure leading to neural dysfunction was termed subluxation by palmer and his early students. vertebral subluxation leads to changes of tonicity and pathophysiology. the chiropractic adjustment normalized the structure and the nervous system
- the paradigm established the foundation of the chiro profession
- what was the quote in DD palmer earliest ad in 1887- that became one of the central defining aspects of the chiropractic paradigm
- what type of “healer” was DD palmer initially?
“dis-ease is a condition of not-ease, lack of ease.”
DD Palmer was a magnetic healer
what did DD palmer hypothesize?
what was his new method?
he taught his first students in what year?
who were they?
- he hypothisized that the actual congestion at the organ system had a cause that could be traced to the spine
- his new method was to palpate the sensory distortion from the tender spot over the organ to the spine. he then adjusted the spine
- 1898- some were former patients- some trained medical doctors
- OG smith- and AP davis
by 1902 the core tenets of the chiropractic paradigm were in place- what is it?
- subluxation caused impinged nerves, which caused dysfunction. The adjustment of subluxation led to normal function, improved tone, and health. Thus, he reasoned that chiropractic was a cure for many diseases because it went directly to the cause
what year did DD palmer come up with innate intelligence? explain what it is?
- 1903- innate intelligence, and educated intelligence theory- innate is governed the vital systems and educated was in charge of the motor systems. Innate guided the interior processes and educated looked out for the exterior threats- adaptation was central- the initial example of innate intelligence included bony changes to stressors such as osteophytes.
what was the book that BJ published that was based on DD palmer essays?
the science of chiropractic Vol 1- included some of BJ writings along with articles from other authors- it expanded on DD prior theory and emphasized subluxation model.
how does DD palmer define subluxation in “The science of chiropractic” ?
- the loss of juxtaposition of the articulating processes of two vertebrae- joint displaced- which impinged upon a nerve
what year did BJ start practicing chiropractic?
1901- he took over the school from DD between 1903 and 1906,
who was AP Davis?
what was the name of his book?
- medical doctor- a naturopathic doctor, as well as an osteopath- He was in AT stills first class at kirksville.
- osteophathy illustrated in 1898
what is Davis’’ theory?
- revolved around the circulation of the body being effected by heat and cold
- if the blood is impeded in its flow through the capillaries, nourishment of tissue fails to take place, emaciation ensues, the venous blood fails to be retuned to the heart and lungs to be purified- if the pressure is upon the nerve filaments, they fail to perform their functions, so there may be inharmony produced by either condition resulting from contracture of muscular fibers. Disease may ensue immediately, or some time may elapse before any manifestation of disease is expressed and in rare instances, the conditions may right themselves and no disease follow for the pressure may not continue long enough to produce abnormality in the parts.
who is OG Oakly smith?
- he was palmers 10th student
- he started as a patient then a student and then DD protege- friends with BJ palmer
- he opened up a practice after graduating in 1902, he used the term subluxation
- Oakley left Iowa and went to santa barbara with DD- teamed with minors paxson
- he eventually joined DD’s rival Sol Langworthy school in cedar rapids
DD and subluxation-
define the subluxation in the beginning?
who wrote the 33 principles-
who endorsed them
what are they?
- RW stephenson
- endorsed by BJ palmer
- 33 principles are:
Explain- A- B- C- D- E- F-
A - the normal structure of a joint is surrounded by a joint capsule- within the synovial fluid is dissolved gasses
B- as the joint is distracted the volume of the joint cavity will increase. this increases in volume which leads to a reduction in pressure within the joint cavity.
C- once the tension exceeds a certain threshold, the energy stored in the capsular ligament initiates an elastic recoil that causes the capsule to snap back from the synovial fluid.
D. the sudden increase in joint volume leads to the coalescing of dissolved gasses within the synovial fluid..
E. high threshold mechanoreceptors are stimulated
F. Gas bubbles coalesce into the center of the joint cavity
what model is this called?
adhesion model
when does meniscoid entrapment- interarticular block
- occurs when a poorly coordinated spinal movement or sustained stressful posture leads to the fibrous cap of the meniscoid becoming trapped between the two articular cartilage surface structures of the joint.
- proposed that articular cartilage will remodel around meniscoid
- spinal manipulation- proposed to gap the joint, allowing meniscoid to become free of the entrapment
- any articular cartilage remodeling would be corrected through the normal remodeling process of the body
what is menscoid extrapment- interarticular block?
- extrapment refers to the fibrous cap of the meniscoid becoming trapped outside of the normal position- usually buckled against the edge of the articular cartilage against the edge of the joint capsule.
- the process of extrapment and how it might respond to a chiropractic adjustment is shown in four steps in the image below
A- on flexion- the inferior articular process of a z joint moves upward, taking a meniscoid with it.
B- on attempted extension, the inferior articular process returns toward its neutral position, but the mensicoid instead of reentering the joint cavitiy, buckles against the edge of the articular cartilage, forming a space occupying lesion under the capsule
c. manipulation gaps the joint
D- this gapping allows the meniscoid to return to its neutral resting position.
