development

Question 1

define gross domestic product

Answer 1

the total value of goods and services produced within a year

Question 2

state one feature of colonialism

Answer 2

expansion of a country into a new territory + exploitation of ethnic minority by colonial power

Question 2

state one feature of colonialism

Answer 2

expansion of a country into a new territory + exploitation of ethnic minority by colonial power

Question 3

define infant mortality rate

Answer 3

number of people who die before their 1st bday

Question 4

state two components that make up the HDI

Answer 4

Income per capita - GNI
life expectancy
educations - number of years in school

Question 5

define the term development

Answer 5

the term development can be defined as a process of change that improves peoples quality of life

Question 6

HDI score for emerging countries

Answer 6

between 0.5 and 0.799

Question 7

state one reason why countries choose to trade with other countries

Answer 7

• generate income
• maybe able to supply a product unavailable in another
• cheaper to import then make themselves

Question 8

define the term periphery

Answer 8

parts of a country outside the more developed core region = power areas of a country

Question 9

state one characteristic of a top-down development project

Answer 9

expensive

large-scale

Question 10

ways to measure development

Answer 10

GDP - indicate income levels

HDI - indicate quality of life

Question 11

explain how HDI measures health of a population

Answer 11

measures life expectancy = which is the average number of years a person is expected to live = gives an indication of the level of access to health services = higher life expectancy means a healthier population

Question 12

explain one way in which topography affects economic development

Answer 12

steep relief of mountainous areas makes construction of transport routes difficult = reduces trade

areas which are flat often attractive to FDI + industrial development = creates jobs

mountainous areas have thin soils = growing crops more difficult = makes it harder for population to earn an income

Question 13

explain one disadvantage of top-down development

Answer 13

local needs not considered = for examples three gorges dam in china forced 1.3 million locals out of their home = breaking up communities = lead to resentment = lead to riots

expensive = which requires external borrowing of large amounts of money = leads to debt problems

Question 14

explain one advantage of top down projects

Answer 14

investment creates jobs = increased spending power supports other services

successful delivery of large projects enhance reputation of country = attracting further investment by other foreign companies

Question 15

explain now way in which HDI measures development

Answer 15

measures GDP = which is a measure of economic development

measures health of population = using life expectancy

Question 16

explain why infant mortality rates vary between countries

Answer 16

infant mortality rates falls as GDP rises = because wealthier countries can afford more doctors per person

Question 17

explain one advantage and disadvantage of top -down projects in terms of PROMOTION OF DEVELOPMENT

Answer 17

advantage = creates jobs = more disposable income = more spending on local economy = leads to rapid economic development

disadvantage = high costs = lead to government spending more money paying off debts than spending on educations/healthcare

Question 18

suggest one way the physical environment might influence the GDP of countries

Answer 18

some countries may have less fertile soil = unable to grow cash crops

amount of rainfall may be higher in some countries = allowing more crops to grow = increasing profits

Question 19

explain two advantages of using community-led projects to address uneven distribution

Answer 19

the aims of the project are more likely to meet the needs of local people = because members of the community were involved in planning/ lack of gov interference

low set up costs / cheap = which means that these schemes are often quick to start up

Question 20

describe the impact of top-down development projects on two different groups of people

Answer 20

local inhabitants forced to migrate = displaced

electricity produced has benefited local industry

increase in jobs = increase in spending = increase in tax = good for government

Question 21

other than income identify one way of measuring differences in economic development

Answer 21

infrastructure differences

unemployment rates

Question 21

other than income identify one way of measuring differences in economic development

Answer 21

infrastructure differences

unemployment rates

Question 22

explain how rostows modernisation theory helps us understand how countries develop

Answer 22

• shows how countries develop over time as income rises
• countries need to meet pre-conditions forsake off before they begin to industrialise. eg educated workforce = development then rises rapidly = as countries develop secondary sector and services
• growth slows down when countries reach stage 4/5
• some countries don’t achieve this = they stall and fall backwards

Question 23

how could a landlocked country be a barrier to development

Answer 23

makes imports/exports harder = as trade flows depend on co-operation of another country = increase costs to a business

Question 24

how can health problems be a barrier to development

Answer 24

high healthcare costs, money that could be spent elsewhere. eg education = reduces number of healthy people in a workforce = restrict business development

Question 25

how can population growth be a barrier to economic development

Answer 25

high number of young people = higher education and healthcare costs = money could be spent elsewhere eg. infastructure