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MRCPsych > Neurochemistry > Flashcards

Neurochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Carrot shaped eosinophilic inclusions seen on hematoxylin and eosinophilic stains

A

Rosenthal fibres

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2
Q

What are Rosenthal fibres the diagnostic signature of?

A

Alexander’s leukodystrophy

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3
Q

What are Hirano bodies?

A

Oval to enlongated rod-shaped, eosinophilic inclusions

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4
Q

When would you find high numbers of Hirano bodies?

A

Alzheimer’s

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5
Q

What type of receptors are beta-adrenergic?

A

Gs coupled - increase adenylate cyclase

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6
Q

What type of receptors are Alpha 1 receptors?

A

Phospholipase C coupled

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7
Q

What type of receptors are alpha 2 receptors?

A

Gi-coupled (inhibitory)

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8
Q

What is the precursor of serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

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9
Q

What does tryptophan become before serotonin?

A

5hydroxy 1-tryptophan

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10
Q

What type of receptor is GABA-A?

A

Ionotropic

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11
Q

Which cells produced GABA in the cerebellum?

A

Purkinje

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12
Q

What does the loss of GABA neurones in the caudate and putamen occur in?

A

Huntington’s

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13
Q

What is the predominant CNS metabolite of NA?

A

MHPG

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14
Q

Outside of the brain, what is the predominant metabolite of NA?

A

VMA (this is why levels of VMA increase in peripheral NA producing tumours such as phaeochromocytoma)

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15
Q

Can NA cross the BBB?

A

No

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16
Q

Can NA metabolites cross the BBB?

A

No other than MHPG

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17
Q

Name 2 inhibitory amino acids

A

GABA

Glycine

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18
Q

What type of receptor is a D2 receptor?

A

Presynaptic inhibitory receptor - dopamine inhibits its own release through D2 autoreceptors

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19
Q

2 examples of catecholamines

A

Dopamine and Noradrenaline

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20
Q

Example of an indolamine

A

Serotonin

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21
Q

Which enzyme is involved in GABA metabolism?

A

GABA transaminase

22
Q

Which are the D1-like receptors?

A

D1 and D5

23
Q

Which are D2-like receptors?

A

D2, D3, D4

24
Q

Effect of D1-like receptors on cyclic AMP

A

Increase

25
Q

Effect of D2 like receptors on cyclix AMP

A

Decrease

26
Q

Where would you find D1 and D2 receptors?

A

Caudate and putamen

27
Q

Where would you find D3 receptors?

A

Nucleus accumbens

28
Q

Where would you find D4 receptors?

A

Prefrontal cortex

29
Q

Where would you find D5 receptors?

A

Hippocampus

30
Q

What is the rate limiting step is biosynthesis of dopamine?

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

31
Q

MOA of ketamine

A

Non-competitive antagonist at NMDA receptors

32
Q

Which receptors mediates long-term potentiation?

A

NMDA

33
Q

Where do glycine and d-serine act as co-agonists at?

A

NMDA receptors

34
Q

What type of receptor is a glucocorticoid receptor?

A

Ligand dependent regulator of nuclear transcription

35
Q

What is released when nicotine binds to receptors?

A

Dopamine

36
Q

What breaks down dopamine?

A

COMT

MAO

37
Q

What is MAO-A more selective of?

A

Noradrenaline and Serotonin

38
Q

What is MAO-B more selective of?

A

Dopamine

39
Q

What does LSD cause stimulation of?

A

5HT-2

40
Q

Which receptors may be downregulated after ECT/antidepressant treatment?

A

5HT-2

41
Q

What does 5HT-7 regulate?

A

Circadian rhythm

42
Q

5HT1a agonist action

A

Antidepressant

43
Q

5HT1B action

A

Aggression

44
Q

5HT1D antagonism action

A

Antimigraine

45
Q

5HT2a antagonist action

A

Antipsychotic

46
Q

5HT2A agonism

A

Hallucinogenic

47
Q

5HT2B stimulation

A

Cardiac valvular fibrosis

48
Q

5HT2C agonist

A

Anorexic effect

49
Q

What type of receptor is a GABA-B receptor?

A

G-protein coupled

50
Q

What is a selective agonist of GABA-B?

A

Baclofen

51
Q

Synthetic enzyme of glutamate

A

Glutaminase

MRCPsych (19 decks)

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