Renal & Skin

Question 1

What gene is most responsible for polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 1

PKD1

Question 2

Why would a decrease of blood flow to the proximal convoluted tubule cause damage?

Answer 2

Bulk reabsorption of electrolytes is an energy intensive process. Lack of blood supply means that less ATP can be produced, so the transport pumps cannot function and there will not be sufficient reabsorption + possible renal tubule damage

Question 3

What do principal cells do?

Answer 3

Main Na+ reabsorbing cells, found in the collecting ducts

Site of action of aldosterone

Question 4

What do intercalated cells do?

Answer 4

Involved in acid-base balance by mediating H+ and HCO- secretion (and K+ and Cl- reabsorption)

Question 5

Define hypotonic

Answer 5

Concentration of solutes is higher inside the cell than outside

Question 6

Define hypertonic

Answer 6

Concentration of solutes is lower inside the cell than outside

Question 7

Which layer of the skin reflects UV radiation?

Answer 7

The stratum corneum

Question 8

What are the 5 layers that separate the kidney from the quadratus lumborum muscle?

Answer 8

1. Renal capsule
2. Perirenal fat
3. Renal fascia
4. Pararenal fat
5. Transversalis fascia

Question 9

Which stain is used to visualise the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 9

Periodic Acid Schiff