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Truck Company Skills And Tactics > 10 Fireground Search And Rescue > Flashcards

10 Fireground Search And Rescue Flashcards

1
Q

Initial size up is the responsibility of

A

The first arriving officer

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2
Q

Occupants and neighbors can provide what info for rescue size up

A

Possible layout, bedroom locations, or where victims are likely to be found

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3
Q

Whenever possible, fire attack should commence at what time in relation to rescue efforts

A

Before or simultaneously

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4
Q

In most residential occupancies, the highest occupant load is expected to be during what time of day

A

Late night and early morning

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5
Q

Elementary school, highest occupancy load during what time of day

A

Daytime on weekdays

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6
Q

Post secondary schools may be occupied heavily on

A

Weekends, or days, and in evening hours

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7
Q

Retail commercial and industrial occupancy highest during what time

A

Day and early evening

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8
Q

Bars. Nightclubs, movie theaters, other public assembly, occupancy load highest during what time

A

Between noon and 2 am depending on local laws

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9
Q

Variables related to the need ford SAR

A 
Type of construction
Fire load
Occupancy type
Occupancy load
Size of fire
Fire behavior
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10
Q

It is not appropriate to put firefighters in mortal danger to recover

A

A body

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11
Q

Given that immediate action by the first arriving crew may save a life, what is not required for them to enter the hazard zone for SAR.

A

RIC is not needed but should be established asap, and only applies when there is a known life at risk

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12
Q

When searching above a fire it is extremely important to have what in place

A

Hose lines to protect their primary means of egress, stairs, and have a secondary means of egress established, like ground ladders

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13
Q

Two objectives of a building search are

A

Locating victims

Obtaining information about the location and extent of fire

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14
Q

A third type of search sometimes needed

A

Rapid intervention search for firefighters in distress

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15
Q

During search, firefighters can enhance their own safety is they and their officers make

A

A good initial size up, continue size up, and perform risk benefit analysis before each major operation

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16
Q

In zero visibility conditions firefighters must conduct a sear with

A

A charged hose line or tag line

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17
Q

Standard search priorities dictate that firefighters focus their efforts as follows

A

Most severely threatened
Close to seat of fire, working back on fire floor, floor above it
Largest numbers
With limited resources, searching area with most #of ff in it
Remainder of hazard zone
Search the remaining areas of fire building that could be hazard
Exposures
Internal or external after all other priorities completed

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18
Q

If firefighters are searching near the fire independently from the hose crew they should have

A

A charged line with them when they get close to the seat of the fire

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19
Q

Every search team should carry at least the following

A 
Portable radio
Hand light
Forcible entry tools
Thermal imager
Marking devices
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20
Q

A lighted search ropes greatest value may be

A

It makes search rope easier to find when visibility is limited

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21
Q

TICs detect

A

Heat signature, Minute amounts of thermal radiation

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22
Q

Some tics are designed for finding the seat of the fire by being

A

Calibrated to respond to temps on excess of 900 degrees

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23
Q

Tic can be used on a roof to find

A

The best location for ventilation

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24
Q

A disadvantage of the tic

A

Only the operator can see, must keep other team members updated with info of possible danger or changes and to keep orientation

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25
Q

Advantages of tic

A

Entire room can be scanned, shortening search time

Keep ff oriented, reduce change of being lost

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26
Q

If there is only light smoke and little to no heat. The fastest way to search is

A

By walking

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27
Q

Searching on hands and knees can benefit a firefighter because

A

Visibility may be increased, reduced chance of falling through hole or tripping down stairs, less heat at floor

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28
Q

When ascending and descending stairs, how should ff do it during search

A

Ascend head first

Descend feet first

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29
Q

If firefighters can’t see feet because of smoke, they shouldn’t

A

Be walking upright

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30
Q

Safe zone search

A

Isolate areas from fire by closing doors and remove heat and smoke with ppv or hydo vent.

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31
Q

Guarding line of retreat

A

Positioning hose teams alone the line of retreat, in order to cool atmosphere and maintain control of exit corridor.

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32
Q

Doors should be felt how

A

At the top and door knob

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33
Q

Firefighters should say on what side of an outward swinging door

A

On hinge side, to use the door as protection if fire erupts from other side of door

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34
Q

Kicking in doors is not recommended because

A

There may be a victim behind the door

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35
Q

Control a door during forced entry by using

A

A strap around the knob or holding it, or slowly opening it

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36
Q

After the perimeter of a room has been search what is next

A

Search the Middle of the room

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37
Q

Search teams should remain in radio contact with supervisor or IC and report only essential info like

A

Initial conditions
Significant changes in fire behavior
Fire spread
If and number of victims found

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38
Q

For small rooms, a tic may be used to search, and in the absence of one what technique is used

A

One ff stay at door, other enters to search. Stay oriented by maintaining constant dialogue with door member. Switch roles alternating rooms to preserve energy and air.

39
Q

When searching with a line, what method can be used

A

Nozzle man stays at door while other ff searches room

40
Q

Ves is used when

A

Fire has cut off main routs of entry or egress, and there is credible info someone is trapped in a room accessible from outside.

41
Q

If during ves, the room conditions are too hostile to enter, they can still perform limited search by

A

Probing through the open window at the floor or out into the room with a pike pole.

42
Q

Means most often used for marking a door after search.

A

Construction chalk or crayon
Masking or duct tape
Special door markers
Latch straps over knobs

43
Q

Door and room Marking methods that are not recommended

A

Anything that can contribute to fire spread
Blocking doors open with furniture
Methods that require searchers to enter the room before determining its already been searched

44
Q

Marks for rooms searched should be placed where

A

On the lower third of the door or wall next to door so its seal it visible when crawling and below smoke layer

45
Q

The two park search marking, X method, is useful because

A

It prevents duplication of efforts and can serve and a stating point to look for missing search members.

46
Q

All clear

A

Signal given to IC that a searched are has no victims or that all victims have been removed

47
Q

Search line consists of

A

200’ of 3/8” rope with a Kevlar sheath. Every 20’ a 2” steel ring is tied in. Immediately after the ring, one or more knots is tied in to indicate distance, One after 20’ two after 40 etc

48
Q

Knots are always after the ring on a search rope, indicating

A

Direction of travel towards the fire, or back to outside.

49
Q

Lateral tethers

A

20’ sections of 1/4” rope for outward travel on a search line,
Should be wrapped aprons the wrist.

50
Q

Search line requires a minimum of how many ff

A

Three

51
Q

Search line is tied where

A

about ten feet from entry point, three feet above ground. With company identifier left there.

52
Q

For a search line, the team leader, sometimes called the lead, carried

A

The search rope bag.

53
Q

For a search rope team, the navigator is

A

A member next to the lead, shoulder to shoulder, uses hand light and tic to direct the lead.

54
Q

The knot in the middle of a 20’ search tether allows the searcher to

A

Make a 10’ search arc. If mooning found, proceed to end of tether and do a 20’ sweep

55
Q

When victims are found during a rescue, what must be assessed

A

Their condition and overall situation to determine if they are ambulatory or need extrication

56
Q

Sheltering in place is done when it is impractical or unnecessary to rescue all persons in a building, primarily those who are where

A

In areas below the fire floor

57
Q

Evacuations in facilities like convalescent homes, hospitals, nursing homes, Or correctional facilities, can require the cooperation of

A

Numerous agencies

58
Q

Before people are asked to evacuate a large area, there must first be

A

An adequate temporary relocation site and security provided for their unoccupied homes or places of business

59
Q

What places can be used for relocation centers in mass evac

A

Churches, school gymnasiums, stadiums, and similar facilities

60
Q

Many times fire departments initiate Evac but often assign the responsibility to

A

Law enforcement

61
Q

A secondary search is conducted when

A

After the fire is under control and most serious hazards mitigated.

62
Q

Secondary search also looks for any negative information like

A

Possible rekindle

63
Q

Situational awareness is important during primary search because

A

There is a risk of structural compromise from water and burning members

64
Q

Index gas

A

Commonly encountered gas used as a reference point to assume the presence or absence of other gases that cannot be detected readily.

65
Q

Using CO as an index gas has proven

A

To be unreliable, other undetectable toxic gasses can remain in high concentrations

66
Q

Most critical areas in a multi story building are

A

Fire floor,
Floor above fire
Top floor

67
Q

Once the fire floor, floor above and top have been checked in multi story building, what is searched next

A

All other intermediate floors

68
Q

Stairwells should be designated for what tasks

A

One for firefighting,

One for egress

69
Q

Doors in highrises and other fires should be kept closed unless directly involved in firefighting or vent ops because

A

It prevents the spread of fire

70
Q

When rooms, offices or apartments are positioned along both sides of a central hallway, the large area search system

A

Works well and can be used effectively.

71
Q

Without a search rope, Two teams should be assigned to check apartments and rooms that are situated along both sides of a hallway. If two teams are unavailable what should be done

A

One team search one side, then the other on the way back

72
Q

Nfpa 1500 requires what whenever the two on two out rule isn’t followed

A

An investigation with results submitted to the fire chief in writing.

73
Q

Compliance with the two in two out rule is not the same as

A

Establishing a RIC

74
Q

Two in two out can be achieved using who

A

The driver or pump operator and the incident commander.

75
Q

While two firefighters comprising a RIC can effectively find a downed firefighter it may take

A

Many more to extricate or rescue them.

76
Q

RIC need the following tools at structure fires

A 
Ppe and Scba
Appropriate communication equip
Tic
Personal illumination
Forced entry tools
Rescue air supply
Rescue ropes
Rescue litters
77
Q

For RIC, flashlights or personal lighting, can be hand held if they are the only ones available, but the preferred kind is

A

Lights that attach to helmets, waist straps, or shoulder/ neck straps, because both hands are free to work.

78
Q

Neck or shoulder straps are potentially dangerous because

A

They pose entanglement hazards.

79
Q

Chem sticks are primarily used as

A

A beacon

80
Q

Gas powered tools may not be effective or safe in smoky atmospheres because

A

They may not work due to O2 lack, pose ignition hazards to unburned smoke and gas

81
Q

Ff should never compromise their Scba in anyway to share their personal supply with

A

A victim or even downed ff

82
Q

Basket type litters can be used for functions other than rescue, such as

A

Carrying tools and hoisting those tools to upper floors

83
Q

Two RIC modes of operation

A

Standby and deployment modes

84
Q

Stand by mode for RIC

A

Activities outside building or hazard zone. Size up, gather tools, designated colored tarp for RIC tools

85
Q

There may need to be multiple RIC depending on

A

The size and complexity of an incident and number of entry points used

86
Q

In certain conditions, nfpa 1500 allows RIC to perform other duties outside hazard zone as long as one member remains at entry. They must be able to

A

Maintain comms with interior crews
Perform outside duties that don’t limit ability to perform SAR
Abruptly abandon outside duties without putting others in danger

87
Q

Typical outside tasks for RIC in standby mode. Commonly called softening the building

A

Placing ladders for access and egress,
forcing doors,
removing security features,
making additional building openings

88
Q

RIC leader must obtain the following info when a mayday is activated

A

How many ff in distress
Last known location
If radio contact is established or distress signal as been received
Radio channel downed ff may transmit or receive on
If a tag or hose line can be used to help locate victims

89
Q

Search for downed firefighter should be delayed only long enough to

A

Obtain pertinent information to the incident

90
Q

If possible, communications should be done face to face to avoid

A

Tying up the channel the distressed ff is transmitting on

91
Q

Whoe RIC leader is getting info the other RIC members can

A

Be deploying and picking up their tools

92
Q

RIC should stop at regular intervals while searching to

A

Listen for indications of the ff, attempt radio contact with them.

93
Q

injured firefighters found during rescue should be medically stabilized only if

A

Only if Conditions allow

Truck Company Skills And Tactics (12 decks)

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