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Truck Company Skills And Tactics > 14 Special Vent Ops > Flashcards

14 Special Vent Ops Flashcards

1
Q

Physical exertion of crews to reach the fire floor will mean

A

They may have less energy to perform firefighting functions

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2
Q

Truck crews should never enter high rise empty handed. Of they aren’t carrying forced entry tools or vent equipment they should have

A

Space Scba cylinders
Hose
Tools
Lights

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3
Q

Moving large amounts of tools is generally coordinated by those assigned to

A

Lobby control

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4
Q

Low rise elevators

A

Floors 1-10

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5
Q

Mid rise elevators

A

Only floors between low and high elevators ex, floor 1 and floor 10-20

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6
Q

Highrise elevators

A

Serve only upper floors, ex.. Floor 1 and 20-30

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7
Q

Express elevators

A

Ground floor to upper most floor. Ex. Floor 1 and 31 or whatever highest floor is

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8
Q

Freight elevators

A

Serve some or all floors

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9
Q

Freight elevators should be used whenever possible if approved by officer in charge because

A

They can handle the additional weight of ff’s in full ppe along with extra tools and equipment, weighting more than a ton

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10
Q

Dangers of using elevators in a fire

A

Malfunction or damage from heat could recall elevator car to the fire floor or strand the elevator between floors in the shaft.

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11
Q

Fire behavior in highrises is mostly affected by

A

Stack effect and mushrooming

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12
Q

Stack effect

A

Natural vertical mvnt of air, or heat and smoke, in tall structures based on differences of air density inside and outside the buildings due to temp differences. Strong vertical column of mvnt.

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13
Q

With the stack effect, the greater difference between the inside and outside temp and the greater the building height,

A

The greater the stack effect will be

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14
Q

If temp is lower outside and hotter inside highrise the stack effect moves up. If it’s hotter outside and cooler inside it moves

A

Down and out, called reverse stack.

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15
Q

Mushrooming, aka ceiling jets

A

Smoke rising until it hit barrier, then move horizontally until same. Then banks down and fills

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16
Q

When smoke reaches the same temp as ambient air in the highrise, it loses its buoyancy and

A

Stratifies, forming layers of smoke in the building.

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17
Q

Stratification can occur near the top floor and

A

Or several floors down below.

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18
Q

Most ppv positioned at street level are only effective up to how many floors up

A

22

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19
Q

If the building is higher than 22 floors, how do you vent with fans

A

Add more fans at the 22 floor or around there, or add smoke ejectors at the top most floor to be vented, or both

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20
Q

Highrise vent options

A

Vertical or top ventilation
Horizontal fire floor
Horizontal above and below fire floor

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21
Q

If vertical vent may endanger fleeing occupants, what might have to be used

A

Horizontal vent

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22
Q

Fire and smoke should be vented vertically through stairwells and other vertical shafts, taking advantage of

A

The stack effect

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23
Q

Vertical venting in highrises can prevent

A

Mushrooming on upper floors and does not promote lapping

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24
Q

One of the biggest challenges to vertical or top venting is

A

Getting ff and equipment to the roof

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25
Q

If the roof is within reach of an aerial on a highrise, it is the preferred method for

A

Moving manpower and equipment to the roof for venting

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26
Q

If an aerial does not reach the roof, how can it be used to gain access

A

Reach the farthest floor it can, enter through a fire escape or window and use stair and elevators the rest of the way to the roof

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27
Q

Although highrises usually have more than one stairway, few have more than one that

A

Terminates at the roof.

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28
Q

During a fire, a stairwell can be relatively free of smoke but congested with

A

Occupants, attack lines and ff

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29
Q

One stairwell must be dedicated to attack and the other to

A

Evacuation

30
Q

Elevators that service the fire floor or floors above should not be used unless

A

The officer in charge of the fire floor deems it safe to do so.

31
Q

If a bulkhead or penthouse is used to ventilate the stairwell that terminates at the roof, the door should be blocked open because

A

If it closes it could change the vent profile dangerously

32
Q

Ventilation in the stairwell that terminates at the top floor should be delayed until

A

All occupants have been evacuated or on an area of refuge

33
Q

Firefighters should be clear of the vent stairwell prior to venting because

A

Once it is opened, the stairwell can become untenable

34
Q

If buoyancy is the only force acting on gasses within a closed compartment, then in relation to atmospheric pressure, the pressure will be what at the top

A

Higher at the top and lower at the bottom

35
Q

Neutral pressure plane

A

Point in a highrise where interior pressure equals atmospheric pressure outside, moves up or down depending on wind and temp. May be in middle of building

36
Q

The neutral plane in a building without gasses being vented or openings made is where

A

Between 35-50% of the building height.

37
Q

In extreme distances between the neural plane, if openings are made at the top and bottom of a structure, the escape of high pressure at the top and inward pull of air at the bottom Causes

A

The entire building to act as a chimney, stack effect

38
Q

When air is pushed in a building by ppv it causes high pressure in the compartment and does what to the air

A

Forces it outside where there is lower pressure

39
Q

By dragging smoke out of a building with a smoke ejector, it causes negative pressure inside the compartment and

A

Forces the air out while dragging higher pressure air in from outside

40
Q

What can raise or lower the neutral pressure plane

A

Wind

41
Q

If the fire is above the neutral plane, if vented on the leeward side of the building it will

A

Vent naturally because the leeward side outside is lower pressure and the fire is in the higher pressure zone of the building

42
Q

Opening a window below the neutral pressure plane may

A

Draw air inside the building rather than allow smoke out of it, spreading fire

43
Q

The closer ventilation takes place near the neutral plane,

A

The less effect, positive or negative, wind will have on it

44
Q

Venting below the fire is not common but may be needed when smoke has spread to lower floors because of

A

Reverse stack effect

45
Q

Venting floors below the fire can be facilitated by

A

Using ppv blowers or other fans

46
Q

Venting on the fire floor first requires a knowledge of building layout because

A

Venting a dead end corridor or into a shaft that doesn’t exit can cause vent problems or extension

47
Q

Horizontal venting on the fire floor should be done only when there is no other choice because

A

It can be Time consuming because of window construction, and dangerous to people on the street below

48
Q

To avoid hazards associated with horizontally venting sealed highrise buildings, what should be done

A

Vertical vent whenever possible.

49
Q

Vertical venting can be accomplished on intermediate highrise floors by

A

Venting smoke across the fire floor to the stairwell that reaches the roof. Maybe with assistance from fans.

50
Q

Venting above the fire will be most effective if the ok rices is started where

A

At the top of the building. Provides clear path out, and starting on the fire floor marry increase damage and put vent crew in danger

51
Q

Smoke dampers

A

Control airflow in hvac units, usually activated by fire alarm signaling system

52
Q

The actual manipulation of hvac system for smoke control should be left to

A

The building engineer, who much be available to IC for reference in venting under fd direction

53
Q

Guidelines for effectively using hvac system to control smoke mvnt

A

Operated only by building engineer
Used to assist locating seat of fire
Use to limit fire extension and smoke to smallest area possible
Should not be allowed to spread fire or smoke beyond area of origin
Provide fresh air to trapped occupants in refuge areas

54
Q

To accomplish manual shut down of smoke dampers with the least delay, building engineer should be contacted when

A

As soon as the fd arrives

55
Q

Curtain boards

A

Vertical boards, fire resistive half walls that extend down from roof to limit spread of fire and smoke

56
Q

Nfpa 204

A

Standard for smoke and heat venting

57
Q

Automatic roof vents are intended to limit the spread of fire within a building by

A

Releasing heat and smoke into the outside before it mushrooms

58
Q

Because automatic roof vents work on their own, it may reduce or eliminate the need for

A

Additional vertical venting

59
Q

Automatic roof vents may be activated by smoke detectors but otherwise, most still operate using

A

Spring loaded or counterweight cover assembly with fusible link activator

60
Q

Prevailing winds may prevent automatic roof vents from working, this may require

A

The vents to be closed and horizontal used instead

61
Q

Sprinklers operating near roof vents may not allow heat to activate them, firefighters should not try to force open vents because it can damage them, but rather they should

A

Be familiar with manual controls

62
Q

Highrise fires present numerous challenges, including

A 
Limited access
Large number of offices or apartments
Heavy occupant loads
Falling glass or debris
Rapid smoke and fire spread through shafts
Locked interior doors
Low water pressure
Climbing a lot of stairs
63
Q

Monitors are primarily intended to increase natural light in a building but may also provide

A

Natural ventilation

64
Q

Most monitors have wires glass or glass panels sloping down from their ridge as a roof and rely on what for ventilation

A

Rely on the glass breaking for vent

65
Q

Monitors with solid walls may have panels hinged at the bottoms with fusible links to

A

Open automatically from gravity when fire needs to vent

66
Q

Curtain are intended to confine the fire to an area over its source, the walls generally extend how far

A

A distance of at least 20 percent the vertical distance from the floor to roof but no lower than 10 feet

67
Q

Curtain board may help accelerate the activation of

A

Sprinkler heads over the area of origin

68
Q

Usually but not always, cellars will have no windows and basements will have

A

Small windows between grade level and first floor

69
Q

Early ventilation of fire below grade is critically important to firefighting operations because

A

Pipe chases, shafts, chutes etc can contribute to fire spread on upper floors

70
Q

If an opening in a basement can be made opposite the interior entry point, the fastest way of venting may be

A

Ppv in the interior point of entry as crews enter with a line.

71
Q

If no openings can be made in a cellar how do you vent

A

Cut a hole on the first floor near a window and position a smoke ejector to facilitate vent

72
Q

Windowless building require what type of vent

A

Fast vertical vent to prevent backdraft

Truck Company Skills And Tactics (12 decks)

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