Religion

Question 1

Main ideas of protestantism

Answer 1

Sola scriptura - belief based on the bible
Sola fida - faith alone gets you into heaven
Priesthood of all believers - everyone their own priest
Consubstantiation NOT Transubstantiation

Question 2

Book of Homilies + Royal Injunctions

Answer 2

Jul 1547 - allowed gov’t to put across reformist views + stop catholic preaching, services in English + bible in English

ordered removal of superstitious images

Question 3

Dissolution of the Chantries

Answer 3

Nov/Dec 1547 - attack on catholic purgatory doctrine + condemning prayers for the dead, possibly to raise money for war against Scotland (benefitted wealthy)

Question 4

Images removed

Answer 4

Feb 1548 - attack on catholic practices, iconoclastic attacks on images + alters by radicals

Question 5

1st Book of Common Prayer

Answer 5

Dec 1548 - maintained catholic elements (appealed moderates)

Question 6

1st Act of Uniformity

Answer 6

Jan 1549 - made prayer book official liturgy, sacraments limited to 5 (change limited) -> relied on Bishops like Hooper to carry out visitations to enforce moderate change

Question 7

How did religious changes take place under Somerset?

Answer 7

Slow + mainly focused on suppressing catholicism, some compromises made

Question 8

Remaining images removed

Answer 8

Dec 1549 - first order unsuccessful, catholic appeal still strong -> further attack on catholic practices

Question 9

Wooden tables replace stone alters

Answer 9

Nov 1550 - service simply for remembrance, removal of idea of sacrifice in Eucharist

Question 10

What happened when parliament met in Jan 1552?

Answer 10

Embarked on large scale prot. reform
Treason Act reintroduced following it being scrapped 1547, made it offence to question Royal supremacy, followed by 2nd Act of Uniformity April

Question 11

2nd Book of Common Prayer

Answer 11

Jan 1552 - followed many calvinist beliefs, highly protestant -> punishment of imprisonment for 6 months if not used

Question 12

42 articles

Answer 12

Nov 1552 - Cranmer’s summary of Edwardian Doctrine (strongly protestant), inc. justification by faith + predestination
*never became law

Question 13

How did religious changes take place under Northumberland?

Answer 13

Fewer changes, but changes made were strongly protestant + pushed forward rigid beliefs of Edwardian church -> came quite late to have lasting impact

Question 14

What were Mary’s aims?

Answer 14

• Complete restoration of catholicism and to undo changes made from 1529
• Return to papal leadership
• end clerical marriage
• Charles V + Pope Julius III concerned Mary might provoke unrest

Question 15

What laws were repealed?

Answer 15

Parliament 1553 passed Act of repeal -> undid changes made under edward
2nd Act of Repeal Nov 1554 supported this but protected property rights of those who who’d bought church land since 1536

Used Royal prerogative to suspend 2nd act of uniformity

Question 16

How did Mary reunite with Rome?

Answer 16

• Cardinal Pole arrived 1554, brought england back to Papal obedience
• Mary did not let monastic lands return as parliament still had control (continuation of erastian system)
• Excommunication lifted Nov 1554

Question 17

What act of hostility did Mary commit towards protestants? What did Renard think of it?

Answer 17

• heresy laws introduced 1554
• 224 protestants burned feb ‘55 - nov ‘58, including Latimer, Ridley (1555) + Cranmer (1556) for heresy
• believed it may cause severe unrest + rebellion amongst protestants

Question 18

Why is John Foxe’s condemnation of the burnings not entirely accurate?

Answer 18

Book of Martyrs 1563
argues significant opposition to regime

BUT no sig. impact on beliefs as wealthy protestants went into exile + others conformed