Attachment :) Flashcards
Caregiver-infant interactions Eval of research A03
Metltzoff + moore
Evans + Porter
(+) Controlled + Filmed. Internal validity
(+)P.A . Parents support
(-) Difficult to observe + interpret babies
(-) Socially sensitive area of research. Mothers work
(-)Meltzoff + Moore doesn’t tell us the IMPORTANCE of interaction
2 (+) Schaffer and Emerson
(+)Ecological validity, real life
(+)P. A importance of attachment + understanding of behaviour
3 (-) Schaffer and Emerson
(-) Biased sample - Glasgow Working class
(-)CONFLICTING Evidence on multiple attachments- not clear when it happens. When multiple caregivers are the norm, babies form multiple attachments from the outset (van Ijzendoorn)
(-)Social Desirability Bias. Interviewed parents
3(-) role of father
(-) inconsistent findings
(-)socially sensitive, mother may feel judged if work
(-)difficult to measure attachment objectively
(-) Economical implications
5 Eval points of Lorenz study
(+) R.S Supporting evidence, Hess found imprinting occurred within 12 -> 17 hrs too .
(-) lack cross species validity
(-) R.R imprinting may not be permanent Guiton
(-)unethical
(+) findings influenced understanding of development
(-) imprinting may not be permenant
Guiton found that chickens imprinted on yellow washing up gloves and would try to mate with them as adults, but with experience they learned to prefer mating with other chickens
5 Eval points of Harlow studys
(+) Practical application - importance of attachment in daycare + hospitals
(+) Theoretical application, Provides valuable insight to development of attachment and social behaviour. e.g: SLT was main belief
(-) Ecological Validity
(-) Ethical issues
(-) Cross species validity
2 (+) of learning theory
(+)principles have R. S - Skinner + pavlov
(+)P. A feeding practices
Problem with R.S
3 (-) learning theory to attachment
(-)Problems with research support. Little Albert, Animals
(-)human/animal studies refute it (Schaffer and Emerson)/(Harlow + lorenz)
(-)Alternate theory, Bowlbys
4 (+) Bowlbys monotropic theory of attachment
(+)R. S for main attachment first = Schaffer and Emerson’s
(+)Evolutionary basis supported by animals. imprinting
(+)R. S for IWM Hazen and shaver
(+)P. A childcare
(-) of bowlby monotropic theory
(-)Problems with Support by lorenz + Harlow. lacks cross species validity
2 (+) strange situation
(+)predictive validity. infants assessed as secure typically go on to have better outcomes in later life and those assessed as insecure typically go on to have less desirable outcomes
(+)Controlled experiment Good validity
3 (-) strange situation
(-)Zeanah identified a 4th attachment type. disinhibited
(-)culture Bias
(-)Social Desireability bias
Van ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg 3 (-)
2 (+)
(+) large sample, 2000 , 8 countries
(-) samples of each country unrepresentative of culture e.g: China did 1 study whereas there are multiple cultures in China
(+) standardised procedure, s. S
(-) Secondary data e.g- Meta analysis of 32 studies using S.S
(-)culturally biased on western ideas
3 research into(+) of institutionalisation
(+)p. A institution bettered e.g: few caregiver per child
(+)large sample with few extreneous variables. Previous research on institutionalisation involved children neglected/harmed by previous parents. Romain studies doesn’t, easier to isolate effects of institutuinalisation . ^ internal validity
(+)Longitudinal study. e.g: Rutter studied IQ at ages 4, 6, 11 and 15. allows an understanding of the degree and direction of change over time.
