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Chemistry > Chapter 1-Matter&Change > Flashcards

Chapter 1-Matter&Change Flashcards

0
Q

what is NOT matter?

A

•vacuums •light •energy •sound •time •thoughts/ideas

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1
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter in an object

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3
Q

volume

A

the amount of space an object takes up

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4
Q

weight

A

the amount of force exerted on an object by gravity

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5
Q

states of matter

A

solid
liquid
gas
plasma

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6
Q

what differentiates the states of matter from one another?

A

how the atoms/molecules of a substance are arranged (typically determined by temperature

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of a solid?

A

packed particles

definite volume&definite shape

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of a liquid?

A

somewhat packed particles

definite volume but indefinite shape

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of a gas?

A

spread out particles

neither definite shape nor definite volume

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10
Q

condensation

A

gas to liquid

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11
Q

freezing

A

liquid to solid

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12
Q

melting

A

solid to liquid

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13
Q

evaporating

A

liquid to gas

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14
Q

sublimation

A

solid to gas

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15
Q

deposition

A

gas to solid

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16
Q

physical properties

A

can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
(melting point, boiling point, color, luster, conductivity)

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17
Q

physical change

A

any change in a substance that does not require a change in the identity of the substance
(grinding, cutting, melting, boiling)

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18
Q

chemical property

A

can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance
(flammability, reactivity)

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19
Q

chemical change

A

change in a substance that involves a change in the identity of the substance
(all reactions are chemical changes)

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20
Q

indications that a chemical change is occuring?

A

color change
gas released
energy change (light, heat)
precipitate formed

21
Q

extensive properties

A

do depend on the amount of substance present

mass, volume, amount of energy within a substance

22
Q

intensive properties

A

do not depend on the amount of substance present

color, density, melting point, luster

23
Q

atoms

A

smallest unit of an element that still retains all the chemical properties of that element

24
Q

element

A

pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
(gold, silver, helium, hydrogen)

25
Q

compound

A

substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances
each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded (water)

26
Q

is water an element or a compound?

A

compound

made of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen

27
Q

particles

A

can refer to either atoms or molecules

28
Q

you can have a molecule of an ______ or a molecule of a _______ but not an atom of a _______

A

element
compound
compound

29
Q

pure substance

A

made of only one element or compound
has fixed composition
every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties and exactly the same composition

30
Q

mixture

A

combination of more than one element or compound which are not chemically bonded together

31
Q

the components of a mixture can by separated by _____ changes

A

physical

32
Q

reactants

A

elements or compounds that you start with and react together to form a new substance

33
Q

products

A

substances that form as a result if the reaction

34
Q

homogenous mixture

A

a mixture that has the same consistency throughout

component parts are evenly distributed

35
Q

solutions are _______ mixtures

A

homogenous

36
Q

heterogenous mixtures

A

mixtures that have uneven distribution (consistency) of substances throughout

37
Q

periodic table

A

arrangement of elements based on similar chemical properties

38
Q

periods

A

horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table

physical and chemical properties change across a period

39
Q

groups/families

A

vertical columns of elements on the table

each group contains elements with similar chemical properties

40
Q

elements in the same _______ have very similar properties

A

group/family

41
Q

where are metals found in relation to the metalloids?

A

to the left

42
Q

where are nonmetals found in relation to the metalloids?

A

to the right

43
Q

metals

A

an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor
have high tensile strength (resist breaking)
malleable (can be hammered)
ductile (can be drawn into wire)
lustrous
solid at room temperature

44
Q

nonmetals

A

an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
gasses at room temperature
solid nonmetals are brittle

45
Q

alkali metals

A

group IA on periodic table
silver in color
soft enough to cut with a knife
reactive with nonmetals and with water

46
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

group IIA on periodic table
harder and stronger than alkali metals
very reactive but less so than alkali metals
have higher melting points

47
Q

halogens

A

group VIIA on periodic table
most reactive nonmetals
react with metals to form salts

48
Q

noble gasses

A

group VIIIA on periodic table
extremely unreactive (inert)
only family consisting of all gasses

49
Q

metalloids

A

an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals
some have metallic luster
semiconductors of electricity
less malleable than metals but not as brittle as nonmetals

50
Q

chemical

A

any substance that has definite composition or is used or produced in a chemical process

Chemistry (9 decks)

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