Chapter 2-Measurements&Calculations

Question 0

Quantitative observations

Answer 0

numerical

Question 1

dependent variable

Answer 1

changes in response to the change the scientist makes to the independent variable

Question 2

Qualitative observations

Answer 2

descriptions

Question 3

independent variables

Answer 3

the one that is changed by the scientist

Question 4

controls

Answer 4

these are held constant throughout the experiment to ensure that the independent variable is the only thing affecting the dependent variable

Question 5

zeroes at the end of a number but to the left of a decimal point may or may not be _______ if a zero has not been measure or estimated but is just a placeholder, it is _________. a decimal point placed after zeroes indicates that they are _______.

Answer 5

significant
not significant
significant

Question 6

zeroes appearing between nonzero digits are _______

Answer 6

significant

Question 7

zeroes appearing in front of all nonzero digits are ______

Answer 7

not significant

Question 8

significant figures

Answer 8

digits in a measurement that are known for certain, plus one uncertain digit

Question 9

multiplying and dividing sigfigs

Answer 9

limit and round your answer to have as many total sigfigs as the factor with the least number of sigfigs

Question 10

adding and subtracting sigfigs

Answer 10

limit and round your answer to the least number of decimal places in any of the numbers in the operation

Question 11

rounding fives

Answer 11

a five with a non zero digit after it rounds up

a five with zeroes after it rounds even

Question 12

exact numbers rule

Answer 12

numbers that are known to be exact do not affect the number of sigfigs in a calculation
ignore exact numbers and round your final answer to the number of sigfigs in the uncertain number

Question 13

zeroes at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal point are ______

Answer 13

significant

Question 14

Density = ?

Answer 14

mass
______
volume

Question 15

when does density change?

Answer 15

when temperature changes. an increase in temperature equals a decrease in density

Question 16

what is the density of liquid water?

Answer 16

1.00g/mL

Question 17

water is less dense as a ____ than it is as a _______

Answer 17

solid

liquid

Question 18

density is a(n)
/intensive//extensive/
property

Answer 18

intensive

Question 19

precision

Answer 19

how close a set of measurements are to each other

Question 20

accuracy

Answer 20

how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value

Question 21

experimental value

Answer 21

found through measurements and calculations in the lab

Question 22

accepted value

Answer 22

“actual” value, tested many times and shown to be accurate

Question 23

percent error

Answer 23

how far off your own measurement or calculation is from the correct value

Question 24

how do you calculate percent error?

Answer 24

VALUEexperiment-VALUEaccepted
________________________________X 100
VALUEaccepted

Question 25

directly proportional

Answer 25

two quantities are directly proportional to each other if dividing one by the other gives a constant value
example: D=M/V
mass and volume are directly proportional

Question 26

A α B means?

Answer 26

A is directly proportional to B

Question 27

in a directly proportional graph, the line goes through the ______?

Answer 27

origin

Question 28

inversely proportional

Answer 28

two quantities are inversely proportional to each other if their product is constant
example: distance = velocity • time
velocity increases, time decreases

Question 29

A α 1/B means?

Answer 29

A is indirectly proportional to B

A is directly proportional to the inverse of B