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Ultrasound Book > Fetlock > Flashcards

Fetlock Flashcards

1
Q

Ultrasonographically what is the normal thickness of the cartilage over the condyles and sagital ridge of MC/T3?

A

Sagittal ridge 1-1.2mm

Condyles <0.7mm

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2
Q

What is represented by B

A

Subtendinous bursa

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3
Q

Is there usually fluid in the subtendinous bursa at the dorsal aspect of the fetlock?

A

no

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4
Q

The palmar recesses of the metacarpophalangeal joint are mostly filled with?

A

Synovial folds, they do not contain much fluid

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5
Q

Displacement of the dorsal plica away from the articualr surface is a sign of?

A

Joint distention

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6
Q

What is a non-inflamatory of ‘cold-effusion’

A

Joint distention in the absence of synovial thickening

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7
Q

Thickening of the synovial fold/ dorsal plica is a sign of what?

A

Chronic synovitis

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8
Q

What is the normal thickness of the dorsal plica?

A

Denoix <2mm

Other sources <4mm

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9
Q

What condition results in supracondylar lysis?

A

Correct Term - Chronic hypertrophic synovitis

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10
Q

Which is more sensitive for early signs of OA radiogrpahs of ultrasound?

A

Ultrasound - can detect subtle cartilage defects

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11
Q

What is indicated by the yellow arrow?

A

Thickened dorsal plica

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12
Q

What is demonstrated in this image?

A

Depression in the dorsal sagittal ridge suggestive of OC

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13
Q

Where is the most common site of OC in the fetlock?

A

Sagittal ridge

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14
Q

Chip fractures at the dorsoproximal aspect of P1 are more common on which side?

A

Medial - the medial aspect is more prominent

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15
Q

What is osteochondromatosis?

A

cartilagenous metaplasia of unknown origin

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16
Q

Which collateral ligaments are more comonly injured in the fetlock (lateral or medial)?

A

Lateral

17
Q

What are the characterisitics of type 1 palmar/ plantar proces fragments?

A

Type I (axial) palmar or plantar P1 fragments develop within the capsule between the base of the sesamoid bones and the proximopalmar articular border of the proximal phalanx. They are difficult to visualize ultra- sonographically.

18
Q

What are the caracteristics of type 2 palmar/plantar process fragments?

A

The more abaxially located type II (Birkeland) fragments are commonly very large but rarely cause lameness. Their etiology is uncertain, although there is evidence that they may be fractures occurring at an early age, and they are often discov- ered incidentally on survey radiographs. They are ext- racapsular, usually located deep to the origin of the oblique distal sesamoidean ligaments and lateral to the deep distal sesamoidean ligaments without an obvious link to these structures.

19
Q

What is indicated by the yellow arrows?

A

Extensor bursitis, of the subtendinous bursa

20
Q

In the proximal pouch of the sheath what structures connect the DDFT to the lateral and medial sheath wall?

A

Synovial plicae

21
Q

What is indicated by the white arrow at the proximal aspect of the DFTS

A

In the hind limb, the dorsal surface of the DDFT usually has a well circumscribed hypoechoic region within it in the proxi- mal limit of the digital sheath. This is a normal finding and should not be confused with pathology.

22
Q

Which synovial pilca in the DFTS is more substantial and extends further disrtally?

A

Lateral

23
Q

Which side of the proximal pouch of the DFTS is more distnedable?

A

Lateral

24
Q

Where should the free end of the manica end?

A

At the level of the proximal limit of the sagittal ridge

25
Q

What is the normal thickness of the PAL?

A

1-2mm

26
Q

What structures are joined by the vinculum within the DFTS?

A

PAL and SDFT

27
Q

When using the techique to measure the PAL where you measure from the SDFT to the skin surface (and therefore include all the skin and subcutaneous tissues) what cut off is used for normal?

A

5mm

28
Q

The digital or distal manica is located at what level?

A

Between the base of the PSB and the bifurcation of the SDFT

29
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

Characteristics of an infected digital sheath. The marked inflammation causes a hypoechogenic halo around the tendons (here demonstrated around the deep digital flexor tendon in the mid-pastern region).

30
Q

Mineralisations within the DDFT are not always significant. What can be used to determine if they are likely to be?

A

those associated with lameness often have a positive Doppler signal

31
Q

Where are DDFT tears within the DFTS most common?

A

Forelimb and lateral

32
Q

Where are manica tears most common?

A

Hindlimb and medial

Ultrasound Book (28 decks)

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