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Cosmetology Licensing Exam Review > Ch 6: General Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Ch 6: General Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The basic units of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings, are _____.

A

cells

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2
Q

The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is the _____.

A

nucleus

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3
Q

Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called _____.

A

daughter cells

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4
Q

The _____ is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair.

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures is called _____.

A

physiology

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6
Q

Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals are known as _____.

A

organs

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7
Q

Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body?

A

Muscle tissue

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8
Q

Which type of tissue lines the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands?

A

Epithelial tissue

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9
Q

The connection between two or more bones of the skeleton is called a _____.

A

joint

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10
Q

The _____ is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.

A

tibia

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11
Q

The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the _____.

A

cranium

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12
Q

The maxillae are the bones of the _____.

A

upper jaw

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13
Q

The two bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are the _____.

A

parietal bones

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14
Q

The inner and larger bone in the forearm that is attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the _____.

A

ulna

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15
Q

The foot is made up of _____ bones.

A

26

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16
Q

What is the U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles?

A

Hyoid bone

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17
Q

The part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton is the _____.

A

origin

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18
Q

The broad muscle that covers the top of he skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis is the _____.

A

epicranius

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19
Q

The _____ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.

A

extensors

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20
Q

The muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity are the _____.

A

adductors

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21
Q

The system of nerves that carries impulses, or messages, to and from the central nervous system is called the _____.

A

peripheral nervous system

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22
Q

Sensory nerve endings called _____ are located close to the surface of the skin.

A

receptors

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23
Q

The largest artery in the human body is the _____.

A

aorta

24
Q

The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the _____.

A

ulnar and radial arteries

25
Q

The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as the _____.

A

anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries

26
Q

The _____ muscle is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists.

A

procerus

27
Q

The muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward is the _____ muscle.

A

levator anguli oris

28
Q

The _____ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face.

A

seventh

29
Q

The muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back is the _____.

A

trapezius

30
Q

The median nerve is a sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the _____.

A

arm and hand

31
Q

The deep peroneal nerve extends down the _____.

A

front of the leg

32
Q

The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a _____.

A

reflex

33
Q

Deoxygenated blood flows from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the _____ so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body.

A

left atrium

34
Q

Which nerve affects the muscles of the mouth?

A

Buccal

35
Q

Blood _____ the body’s temperature.

A

helps to equalize

36
Q

The _____ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.

A

infraorbital artery

37
Q

The technical term for the facial artery is the _____ artery.

A

external maxillary

38
Q

The endocrine glands, also known as _____ glands, release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.

A

ductless

39
Q

Which gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body?

A

Pituitary

40
Q

The _____ nerve supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.

A

ophthalmic

41
Q

The heart is the organ that keeps the _____ moving within the circulatory system.

A

blood

42
Q

The complex system that serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature is the _____ system.

A

integumentary

43
Q

The gastrointestinal system consists of the _____, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs.

A

mouth

44
Q

The _____ system distributes blood throughout the body.

A

circulatory

45
Q

The _____ system is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes.

A

digestive

46
Q

The _____ system is the body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.

A

endocrine

47
Q

The _____ system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing microorganisms.

A

lymphatic

48
Q

The _____ system covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place.

A

muscular

49
Q

The _____ system controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.

A

nervous

50
Q

The _____ system performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another.

A

reproductive

51
Q

The _____ system makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through breathing and eliminating carbon dioxide.

A

respiratory

52
Q

The _____ system forms the physical foundation of the body.

A

skeletal

53
Q

The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is ______.

A

anatomy

54
Q

Neurology is the scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the _____.

A

nervous system

55
Q

Lymph nodes filter the _____ vessels, which helps fight infection.

A

lymphatic

Cosmetology Licensing Exam Review (32 decks)

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