The Hip Flashcards
Hip Joints
- type
- bones
- articulations
- Ball and socket joint
- Coxal bones (from ilium, ischium, and pubis)
- Articulate with the sacroiliac joints
- Articulate with each other at pubic symphysis
What is the hip’s most stable position?
-Locked, extended
Center of Gravity
- location
- projection with relation to hip, knee, and ankle
- Halfway between anterior superior iliac spine and in front of the 2nd sacral vertebrae
- Force of gravity projects inferiorly- lies posterior to hip, anterior to knee, anterior to ankle
Lumbar Plexus Nerves:
Branches (origin)
Sensory to…
Motor to…
Branches: iliohypogastric (L1), ilioinguinal (L1) –> genitofemoral (L1,2), Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2,3), Femoral (L2-4), Obturator (L2-4)
Sensory: gluteal region, anterior/lateral/medial thigh, medial leg
Motor: muscles of anterior/medial thigh compartment
Sacral Plexus Nerves:
Branches (origin)
Sensory to…
Motor to…
L4 and L5 + ventral rami S1-4 = lumbosacral trunk
Branches: Superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, posterior femoral cutaneous, sciatic, nerve to the piriformis, nerve to the quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus, nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus
Sensory: posterior thigh, most leg, all of foot
Motor: gluteal muscles, hamstrings, muscles of leg and foot
Sacroiliac joint
synovial
reinforced by sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments (stability)
Gluteal Region muscles (Innervation)
Gluteus Maximus (Inf Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1)
Gluteus Medius (Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1)
Gluteus Minimus (Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1)
Tensor Fascia Lata (Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1)
Small Posterior hip lateral rotators
-Piriformis (nerve to piriformis-S1,2)
-Inf Gemellus (nerve to quadratus femoris-L5,S1)
-Sup Gemellus (nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1)
-Obturator Internus (nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1)
-Quadratus Femoris (nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1)
Obturator Externus (obturator-L2-4)
Gluteus Maximus (Innervation)
Inf Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1
Gluteus Medius (Innervation)
Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1
Gluteus Minimus (Innervation)
Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1
Tensor Fascia Lata (Innervation)
Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1
Piriformis (Innervation)
nerve to piriformis-S1,2
Inf Gemellus(Innervation)
nerve to quadratus femoris-L5,S1
Sup Gemellus(Innervation)
nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1
Obturator Internus(Innervation)
nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1
Quadratus Femoris(Innervation)
nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1
Obturator Externus(Innervation)
obturator-L2-4
Innervation of gluteal region
ALL from lumbosacral plexus come through greater sciatic foramen sup gluteal nerve inf gluteal nerve sciatic nerve nerve to obturator internus (and sup gemellus) nerve to quadratus femoris (and inf gemellus) posterior femoral cutaneous nerve to piriformis
Which nerve comes in above the piriformis?
superior gluteal nerve
Where do all lumbosacral nerves come through to reach the gluteal region?
greater sciatic foramen
What is the branching pattern of arteries in lower limb?
external iliac–> femoral–>deep femoral and popliteal–>anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular
sup/inf gluteal arteris branch from what?
internal iliac
What ligaments reinforce the hip joint?
iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments
-limitexcessive extension, allow max flexion
which is the strongest ligament at the hip
iliofemoral (anterior and inferior regions of joint)
What does the iliofemoral ligament do?
prevents hyperextension due to COG