The Ankle Flashcards
The Ankle Joint Proper
- type of joint
- location
- most stable
- COG
- stabilty from
- modified hinge joint
- b/w trochlea of talus and lateral malleola of fib/medial malleola of tib
- dorsiflexed
- anterior
- contraction of triceps surae
lateral ligament of ankle
- made from
- purpose
- 3 ligaments (attach lateral malleolus to calcaneous/talus)
- support lateral aspect of ankle, guard against excess supination
medial deltoid ligament of ankle
- made from
- purpose
- 4 ligaments (attach medial malleolus to 3 tarsal bones-calcaneus, talus, navicular)
- supports medial aspect, guards against excess pronation
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
-strong connection between tib and fib, stabilize ankle joint
Dorsiflexion of ankle
- description
- muscles
- inervation
- approximate dorsal surface of foot and leg
- anterior crural compartment
- L5
- heel walking
lesion of what nerve will lead to inability to heel walk? (also foot drop)
common fibular (trauma to neck of fibula) or L5 root -if entire L5 root --> also have + Trendelenburg
Plantar flexion of ankle
- description
- muscles
- inervation
- approximate plantar surface of foot and leg
- posterior crural compartment
- S1
- toe walking
lesion of what nerve cases inability to toe walk
tibial nerve (branch of sciatic) or S1 root lesion
Sprained ankle
usually lateral ligament (inversion)
varying degrees
Turned ankle
- most common type
- inversion injury
- anterior talofibular ligament
- calcaneofibular ligament –> distal part of lateral malleolus avulsed (can damage growth plates if young
Potts Fracture-Dislocation
- foot everted
- tear deltoid
- often avulsed medial malleolus
- lateral movement of talus and tibia cause fracture of fibula
- lateral force
High ankle Sprain
- lower portion of interosseous membrane
- ant/post inferior tibiofibular ligaments
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
- irritation –> edema of synovial sheaths of tendons of deep posterior compartment
- tibial nerve compressed by flexor retinaculum
- pain at medial malleolus and calcaneous
What are the 3 funtional/anatomical parts of the foot?
hindfoot (talus and calcaneus), midfoot (navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms), forefoot (metatarsals and phalanges)
what are the arches of the foot? what supports them?
medial longitudinal -spring ligament lateral longitudinal -long and short plantar ligaments transverse arch -tendon of the fibularis longus