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NPLEX I (2022) > Microbio > Flashcards

Microbio Flashcards

1
Q

Gram staining

A

Gram +: thick peptidoglycan layer

Gram -: thinner wall

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2
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram +, catalase +, coagulase +, cocci, beta hemolytic, ferment mannitol, superantigen toxic shock syndrome

bacterial pneumonia, UTI, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, food poisoning,

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3
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Gram +, catalase +, urease +, cocci

UTI, infects artificial joint, endocarditis

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4
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Gram +, group A, cocci, streptolysin O, encapsulated

impetigo, pharyngitis, cellulitis, eriseplas, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis,
exotoxin: scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis

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5
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Gram +, group B, cocci, encapsulated, b-hemolytic,

meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia

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6
Q

Brodetella pertussis

A

whooping cough

gram - coccobacilli, endotoxin,

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7
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

toxic megacolon, reactive arthritis

gram -, comma-shaped rod, flagellum, anaerobic, oxidase-positive,

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8
Q

Citrobacter

A

UTI

gram -, bacilli, facultative anaerobes

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9
Q

Enterobacter

A

UTI, respiratory infx in those hospitalized, skin infections w/ surgery and burns

gram -, facultative anaerobes, rod, non-spore forming, urease +, lactose-fermenting, motile

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10
Q

E coli

A

diarrhea (enterotoxigenic), UTI, hemolytic uremic syndrome (enterohemorrhagic)

gram -, rod, facultative anaerobes, catalase +, encapsulated, flagella, shiga/heat-labile

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11
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

meningitis, epiglottitis, otitis media, pneumonia

gram - coccobacilli, encapsulated or unencapsulated, facultative anaerobic, endotoxin

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12
Q

H. pylori

A

peptic ulcers

gram -, curved rod, flagella, urease and catalase +, microaerophile

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13
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

pneumonia, wound infx, meningitis, UTI

gram -, bacilli, facultative anaerobes, urease +

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14
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

A

urethritis, prostatitis, orchitis, cervicitis, gonococcal ophthalmia, dermatitis

gram -, diplococci, IgA protease

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15
Q

N meningitidis

A

meningitis, gangrene of toes, DIC, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, pharyngitis, intense myalgias, petechial rash

gram -, diplococci, IgA protease, polysaccharide capsule, maltose acid detection

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16
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A

respiratory infx, cellulitis

gram -, coccobacillus, encapsulated, facultative anaerobic, oxidase and catalase +, nitrate reductive +

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17
Q

Proteus mirabilis

A

pneumonia, wound infx, UTI

gram -, bacilli, motile, facultative anaerobic, urease +

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18
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

GI, septicemia, typhoid fever

gram -, rod, facultative anaerobic and pathogens, encapsulated, flagella, produce hydrogen sulfide, sensitive to gastric acid

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19
Q

Serratia marcescens

A

hospitalized pt, pneumonia, UTI, bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis

gram -, bacillus, motile, facultative anaerobic, urease +, catalase +, DNASE, Lipase

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20
Q

Shigella

A

diarrhea, dysentery, neuron damage

gram - bacilli, facultative anaerobe, shiga toxin,

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21
Q

Yersinia Enterocolitica and pestis

A

bubonic (lymph nodes) plague, heart/lungs, sepsis, appendicitis

gram -, coccobacillus, bipolar staining, facultative anaerobe and intracellular, catalase +

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22
Q

What are exotoxins?

A

group of soluble proteins that are secreted by the bacterium, enter host cells, and catalyze the covalent modification of a host cell component(s) to alter the host cell physiology

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23
Q

What are endotoxins?

A

lipopolysaccharides are the component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are released into the circulation upon disruption of the intact bacteria (death, cell lysis)

24
Q

most common cause of rhinitis?

A

adenovirus

25
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

A

gram +, cocci, alpha-hemolytic, encapsulated,

pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis

26
Q

Enterococcus spp

A

gram +, cocci,

UTI, endocarditis, biliary tree infection

27
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

gram +, spore-forming, bacillus, capsule,

black necrotic cutaneous lesion, pulmonary anthrax

28
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus, tetanus toxin, obligate anaerobes

puncture wound from metal, tetanus

29
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus, obligate anaerobes, botulinum toxin

botulism, canned food, obligate anaerobes, descending flaccid paralysis, honey

30
Q

Streptococcus Viridans

A

gram +, cocci, alpha-hemolytic

bacterial endocarditis

31
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus

food poisoning

32
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus, obligate anaerobes, alpha toxin, beta-hemolysis,

food poisoning, necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection, gas gangrene, Clostridal
myonecrosis

33
Q

Clostridioides difficile

A

gram-positive bacillus, obligate anaerobe, spores, toxin A, toxin B

pseudomembranous colitis, watery diarrhea

34
Q

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

A

gram-positive bacillus, diphtheria toxin

lymphadenopathy, Myocarditis//Arrhythmia//Heart block,

35
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

gram-positive bacillus, weakly beta-hemolytic, flagella, catalase-positive

dairy products, neonatal meningitis, listeriosis in pregnancy

36
Q

Actinomyces israelii

A

gram-positive filamentous bacillus, obligate anaerobes,

cervicofacial disease following oral/jaw trauma

37
Q

Nocardia asteroides

A

gram-positive filamentous bacillus, obligate aerobes, catalase-positive, urease-positive

pulmonary nocardiosis in immunocompromised, brain abscesses, cutaneous nocardiosis

38
Q

Vibrio spp.

A

oxidase-positive, gram-negative comma shaped rod, cholera toxin

diarrhea

39
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

whooping cough

ram-negative bacterium, adenylate cyclase toxin

40
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

gram-negative bacillus, oxidase-positive

Legionnaires’ disease

41
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

gram-negative bacillus, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, obligate aerobic, encapsulated, exotoxin A, motile

osteomyelitis, otitis externa, sepsis, hot tub folliculitis, UTI, wound infections

42
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

gram-negative zoonotic bacillus

cat-scratch disease

43
Q

bacillary angiomatosis

A

gram-negative zoonotic bacillus

immunocompromised cat-scratch disease

44
Q

Brucella spp.

A

gram-negative zoonotic coccobacilli, facultative intracellular organisms

fever, night sweats, and anorexia;

45
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

gram-negative zoonotic coccobacillus

skin ulcers and necrosis, lymphadenopathy

46
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid-fast bacterium, obligate aerobes

tuberculosis

47
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

acid-fast bacterium

tuberculoid leprosy

48
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

spirochete bacterium

Lyme disease

49
Q

Leptospira interrogans

A

spirochete bacterium,

leptospirosis

50
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

spirochete bacterium

syphilis

51
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

gram-indeterminate

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

52
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

gram-indeterminate, obligate intracellular organisms

rash, epidemic typhus, pneumonia, encephalitis

53
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

gram-indeterminate

walking pneumonia

54
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

gram-indeterminate

bacterial vaginosis (clue cells)

55
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

gram-indeterminate, obligate intracellular organisms, forms spore-like

Q fever, granulomatous hepatitis

56
Q

Chlamydia spp

A

gram-indeterminate, obligate intracellular organisms

STI, lymphogranuloma venereum, trachoma, reactive arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome), pelvic inflammatory disease, atypical pneumonia

NPLEX I (2022) (20 decks)

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