L30-anatomy Of Major Blood Vessels

Question 1

Ascending aorta

Origin,course,termination,branches

Answer 1

Origin:left ventricle at the left sternal margin opposite left third intercostal space
Course:upwards and lies on right side of pulmonary trunk
Termination:right second costal cartilage where it cont as arch of aorta
Branches:right and left coronary arteries

Question 2

Arch of aorta

Origin,course,termination,branches

Answer 2

Origin:continuation of ascending aorta at right second costal cartilage
Course:passes upwards backwards and to the left
Termination:cont as descending aorta opposite the 4th thoracic vertebrae
Branches:
1-innominate artery(largest branch) divides in to right common carotid and right subclavian arteries
2-left common carotid artery
3-left subclavian artery

Question 3

Relations of arch of aorta

Answer 3

Relations:
a)superiorly:origin of its branches:innominate,left common carotid,left subclavian arteries
b)inferiorly
1-termination of pulmonary trunk
2-ligamentum arteriosum which connects arch of aorta with pulmonary trunk
3-left recurrent laryngeal nerve which is a branch of the left vagus nerve and curves below the arch of aorta to lie behind the ligamentum arteriosum

Question 4

Descending aorta

Origin,course,termination,branches

Answer 4

Origin:continuation of arch of aorta opposite 4th thoracic vertebrae
Course:descends in thorax and pierces diaphragm
Termination:cont as abdominal aorta opposite twelfth thoracic vertebrae
Branches:1-esophageal arteries
2-diaphragmatic arteries
3-pericardial arteries
4-intercostal arteries

Question 5

Pulmonary trunk

Origin,course,termination and branches

Answer 5

Origin:right ventricle opposite left third costal cartilage
Course: ascends upwards and lies on left side of aorta
Termination and branches:ends by dividing in to right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 6

Innominate artery(brachiocephalic)
(Origin,termination and branches)

Answer 6

Origin:largest branch of arch of aorta
Termination and branches: ends behind the right sterniclavicular joint by dividing in to right subclavian and common carotid arteries

Question 7

Common carotid artery

Origin,course,termination and branches

Answer 7

Origin:
1-on right side:branch of innominate artery
2-on left side:branch of arch of aorta
Course:1-passes behind sternoclavicular joint
2-ascends in neck inside carotid sheath
Termination and branches:
Ends opposite the disc between C3 and C4 by dividing in to external and internal carotid arteries

Question 8

External carotid artery

Origin,course,termination

Answer 8

Origin:branch of common carotid artery opposite disc between C3 and C4
Course:ascends upwards in neck outside carotid sheath
Termination:ends behind the neck of mandible inside the parotid gland

Question 9

Internal carotid artery

Origin,branches,termination

Answer 9

Origin:a branch of common carotid artery opposite the disc between C3 and C4
Course:ascends upwards in neck inside the carotid sheath
Termination:enters the skull to supply the brain

Question 10

Subclavian artery

Origin,course,termination

Answer 10

Origin:on left side:branch of arch of aorta
On right side:branch of innominate artery
Course:1-passes the streniclavicular joint
2-passes to neck where its divided by the scanelus anterior muscle in to 3 parts:
a)first part is medial to ms
b)second lies behind the ms
c)third lies lateral to the ms
3-curves laterally to reach upper limb
Termination:cont as axillary artery at outer border of first rib

Question 11

Right innominate vein

Origin,course,termination

Answer 11

Origin:union of right internal jugular and subclavian veins behind the right sternoclavicular joint
Course:vertical course
Termination:joining by left innominate vein opposite right costal cartilage to form superior vena cava

Question 12

Left innominate vein

Origin,course,termination

Answer 12

Origin:union of left internal jugular and subclavian veins behind the left sternoclavicular joint
Course:oblique course
Termination:by joining the right innominate vein opposite the right first costal cartilage to form the superior vena cava

Question 13

Superior vena cava

Origin, course, termination,branches

Answer 13

Origin:union of the right and left innominate veins opposite the first right costal cartilage
Course:vertical course
Termination: into the right atrium opposite the right third costal cartilage
Branches:1-right and left innominate veins
2-Arch of azygos vein that opens in superior vena cava opposite the right second costal cartilage

Question 14

Inferior vena cava

Origin,course,termination

Answer 14

Origin:union of left and right common iliac veins opposite the fifth lumbar vertebra
Course:1-passes through the abdomen
2-pierces in to diaphragm
Termination:in to right atrium opposite the right sixth costal cartilage

Question 15

Azygos vein

Origin,course,termination

Answer 15

Connection between the superior and inferior vena cava
Origin:inferior vena cava in abdomen opposite the first lumbar vertebrae
Course:1-passes through abdomen
2-pierces diaphragm
3-ascends in the thorax and curves anteriorly forming an arch
Termination:in to superior vena caba opposite the right second costal cartilage

Question 16

What is the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 16

▪️Fibrous band connecting arch of aorta and pulmonary trunk

▪️during embryonic life=ductus arteriosus

Question 17

Arteries passing behind the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 17

1-termination of innominate artery
2-common carotid arteries
3-subclavian arteries

Question 18

Veins passing behind sternoclavicular joint

Answer 18

Internal jugular and subclavian veins to form innominate vein

Question 19

What does the upper part of the carotid sheath contain

Answer 19

1-internal carotid artery
2-internal jugular vein
3-vagus nerve

Question 20

What does lower part of carotid sheath contain

Answer 20

1-common carotid artery
2-internal jugular vein
3-vagus nerve