Formation of Ions (pg 112) Flashcards
How are Ions made?
they are made when Electrons are transferred
What are Ions?
Charged particle
Ions are charged particles - they can be single atoms (eg; Cl-) or group of atoms (eg’ NO3-)
When atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions, what are they trying to do?
they are trying to get a full outer shell, like a noble gas.
What is a noble gas, and what are they also called apart from noble gas?
Group 0 elements, they are also called ‘stable electronic structure’
Atoms with full outer shells are stable or unstable?
stable, because they have full outer shells
What happens to the electrons when metals form ions?
they lose electrons from their outer shell to form positive ions
What happens to electrons when non-metals form ions?
they gain electrons into their outer shell to form negative ions
Is the number of electrons lost or gained the same as the charge on the ion?
yes,
if 2 electrons are LOST the charge is 2+
If 3 electrons are GAINED the charge is 3-
What Groups are the most likely to form Ions in the periodic table?
Groups 1 & 2 and 6 & 7
The elements that most readily form Ions are what groups?
Groups 1, 2, 6 and 7
What groups are metals and they lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)?
Group 1 and 2 elements
What groups of non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)?
Groups 6 and 7 elements
What are cations?
a positively charged ion
What are Anions?
a negatively charged ion
Elements in the same group all have the same number of what?
outer electrons.
so they have to lose or gain the same number to get a full outer shell. And this means that they form ions with the same charges.
