Immuno. III - Week 3 (Endocrinology) Flashcards
What thyroid hormones control metabolism?
T4 (thyroxine)
T3 (Triiodothyronine)
What is Hashimoto’s Disease?
Also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is the attack of the thyroid leading to hypothyroidism.
What is Grave’s disease?
Increase in release of thyroxine, leading to hyperthyroidism.
What causes Grave’s disease?
Lack of T reg cells leading to thyroid stimulating antibody production along with stress, smoking, postpartum, and infections.
What antibodies would be found to identify Hashimoto’s disease?
Anti-TPO, anti-TG
What antibodies would be found to identify Grave’s disease?
Anti-TSI, and anti-TSH
What is the pathophysiology of Hashimoto’s disease?
Th1 predominance - cellular immunity - Fas expression induced on thyroid cells - thyroid cells apoptosis - Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
What is the pathophysiology of Grave’s disease and Atrophic thyroiditis?
Th2 predominance - Humoral immunity - TSH receptor antibodies - stimulation - Grave’s disease
OR
- Blocking - Atrophic thyroiditis
What are the signs and symptoms of T1D?
Constant thirst Frequent urination Hunger Nausea Blurred vision Fatigue and weakness
What is the pathophysiology of T1D?
Insulin is normally produced by the pancreas when glucose is in circulation however immune cells attack beta cells in T1D, thus no insulin and glucose remain in the blood.
What is the diagnosis of T1D?
Random Blood Glucose test
Fasting Blood Glucose test
Oral Glucose Tolerance test
Glycosylated Haemoglobin test (HbA1c) to measure the average blood glucose level over the past 2 - 3 months.
What is the difference between T1D and T2D?
T1D is unable to produce insulin whereas T2D cannot respond to insulin
T1D symptoms appear suddenly while T2D appears gradually
Immune system attacks beta cells in the pancreas in T1D while T2D is caused by environmental factors like poor diet, family history, and obesity.
