Key vocab and concepts Flashcards
Define Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States.
Define communication in the industrial revolution.
The ability to communicate across long distances improved dramatically during the Industrial Revolution. It began with the invention of the electrical telegraph by Samuel Morse in 1844. This system allowed for messages to be transmitted much quicker and cheaper than old methods.
Define transport in the IR.
The result of the changes in the Industrial Revolution was a complex transport system including roads, rail, canals and the London Underground. The changes came in several stages. First Roads were improved, then Canals were built and finally the Railway was developed.
Define agriculture in the IR
The Industrial Revolution improved the agriculture and involved major developments such as the enclosure of open fields and the adoption of new farming techniques. The enclosures involved turning the large open fields into smaller farms owned by wealthy farmers.
Define cottage industry.
he cottage industry is the term that historians use to identify production that was completed before the start of the Industrial Revolution. It involved people producing goods on a very small scale in their homes and was not centralized in one location.
Define mass production.
The Industrial Revolution changed the way that goods are produced and gave birth to mass production, by the division of labour and the increasing prevalence of machines in factories. Mass production in factories made it possible to manufacture goods more cheaply and quickly.
Define the spinning jenny.
The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of textile manufacturing during the early Industrial Revolution. It revolutionised the process pf cotton spinning. It was invented in 1764 or 1765 by James Hargreaves
When was the Industrial Revolution
1760 – 1840
What the world was like before the Industrial Revolution.
Harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel – child labour, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were not equally as prevalent before the Industrial Revolution.
How did living and work conditions change after the IR.
More and more people moved away from rural areas to the cities in search of work, and the lack of legal protections meant many people lived in poverty and filth. However, more people could use coal to heat their homes, eat better food, and wear better clothing.
How did the economy change after the IR.
The Industrial Revolution decisively changed economy wide productivity growth rates.
How did the IR influence power?
By the mid-19th century, the industrial revolution brought a significant shift in energy sources with the usage of coal, mainly for steam engines, but increasingly for power plants. The use of thermal energy to generate mechanical energy was the core driver of this transformation.
·How/why societies changed in Britain as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities.
Describe negative aspects of the Industrial revolution.
While the Industrial Revolution generated new opportunities and economic growth, it also introduced pollution and acute hardships for workers.
Why did the IR start in Britain/United Kingdom?
The effects of the Agricultural Revolution, large supplies of coal, geography of the country, a positive political climate, and a vast colonial empire.
