Section B questions

Question 1

What was the date of when the First Fleet settled in Australia?

Answer 1

On January 26, 1788, the First Fleet of 11 ships, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, established a convict settlement in Sydney Cove (today Circular Quay).

Question 2

European settlement in Australia had a disastrous impact on Indigenous peoples. Identify three reasons/aspects of early colonial life which contributed to conflict between Europeans and Indigenous Australians.

Answer 2

The shooting of kangaroos and other animals by the Europeans meant the Aboriginal people had scarce supplies of food and animal skins for clothing. The fish stocks suffered heavily from being fished too heavily by the Europeans. Governor Phillip ordered land to be cleared to grow crops and raise livestock. This led to Aboriginal people being pushed of their traditional land.

Question 3

Identify three reasons why ‘blackbirding’ occurred in the Pacific in the 1800s.

Answer 3

In 1860’s-> A famers needed manpower-Indigenous people
The high demand for very cheap labour in the sugar and pastoral industries
South Sea Islander recruitment quickly became a well-established industry, with labour vessels from all throughout eastern Australia obtaining Kanakas for both the Queensland and Fiji markets. Captains of such ships would be paid roughly 5 shillings per recruit in “head money,” while ship owners would sell Kanakas for anywhere between £4 and £20 per head.

Question 4

What were two reasons why the states decided to federate into one country?

Answer 4

• Free trade
  
  • Defence
    
    • National pride

Question 5

What was the official date of the Federation of Australia?

Answer 5

On the 1st of January 1901, when six British colonies merged to become the Commonwealth of Australia (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania). This is referred to as Federation.

Question 6

Source analysis 1

Answer 6

1. How is the relationship between Indigenous populations and European settlers represented in the source?
   This source shows the relationship between the indigenous populations and European settlers. The indigenous seen in this source, look to be neglected by the European settlers. The Europeans seem to be carrying on with their lives without sparing a thought for the indigenous people’s lives. Perhaps the indigenous people are looking at their old hunting ground.
   2. Life for Indigenous peoples changed after European settlement in Australia. How does this source represent these changes?
      The settlers seem to have occupied an area close to a river, which may have been a previous indigenous fishing spot. These settlers may have just taken the indigenous people’s land and made it their own without showing empathy to the indigenous people.

Question 7

Source analysis two

Answer 7

1. Using the source, explain how complicated the early interactions between Indigenous Australians and European settlers was. (4)
   The interactions would have been very complicated, as there was clearly a language barrier. This is why, governor Phillip chose to kidnap two indigenous people, which included Bennelong. The European and Indigenous early interactions, would have been very complicated. The indigenous, as well as the European’s could have misinterpreted a lot of things they said to each other and conflict could have started from there.

Question 8

Source Analysis three

Answer 8

The European settlers take pride when invading the indigenous people’s land and think they have done good by colonizing in Australia. By clearing their own prisons, they also bring disease to the indigenous and disrupt their hunting routines. Another idealisation of truth is, assuming that the Europeans are superior to the indigenous people and not treating them with the respect they deserve. The aborigines in the front are covering their ears are afraid at the loud noise of the guns being fires, as this would be the loudest noise they ever heard. The white guys on the left have killed kangaroos, so they are already impacting the aborigines hunting grounds. They are also greatly outnumbered by the white guys.

Question 9

Extended Response option one and three

Answer 9

Blackbirding is a very misdemeaning concept and definitely be classified as immoral. Immoral means, not comforting the standards of morality. Blackbirding involves getting people from overseas to work in Australia, with signed contracts and yet they were treated very poorly, with very poor pay. Many would be given false promises and got tricked into signing contracts and coming to work in Australia. Some were actually tricked and kidnapped. After arriving in Australia, they are forced to work and live in very poor conditions . Even with all this work, they could not accumulate wealth, as they were paid little to nothing. They also would get deported as soon as they finished their work. The concepts of blackbirding is clearly immoral. Historians continue to debate whether this was a form of slavery.